Anti-inflammatory effects of compounds alpha-humulene and (-)-trans-caryophyllene isolated from the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea
Abstract
This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of two sesquiterpenes isolated from Cordia verbenacea's essential oil, alpha-humulene and (-)-trans-caryophyllene. Our results revealed that oral treatment with both compounds displayed marked inhibitory effects in different inflammatory experimental models in mice and rats. alpha-humulene and (-)-trans-caryophyllene were effective in reducing platelet activating factor-, bradykinin- and ovoalbumin-induced mouse paw oedema, while only alpha-humulene was able to diminish the oedema formation caused by histamine injection. Also, both compounds had important inhibitory effects on the mouse and rat carrageenan-induced paw oedema. Systemic treatment with alpha-humulene largely prevented both tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) generation in carrageenan-injected rats, whereas (-)-trans-caryophyllene diminished only TNFalpha release. Furthermore, both compounds reduced the production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) expression, induced by the intraplantar injection of carrageenan in rats. The anti-inflammatory effects of alpha-humulene and (-)-trans-caryophyllene were comparable to those observed in dexamethasone-treated animals, used as positive control drug. All these findings indicate that alpha-humulene and (-)-trans-caryophyllene, derived from the essential oil of C. verbenacea, might represent important tools for the management and/or treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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α-Humulene and β-caryophyllene reduce the production of prostaglandin E2, the inducible expression of nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase.
“In addition, they reduce the production of prostaglandin E2, the inducible expression of nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase.”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
Oral treatment with α-humulene and β-caryophyllene (50 mg/kg) produced comparable anti-inflammatory effects with dexamethasone treatment in model mice and rats.
“Fernandes et al. [47] reported that oral treatment with α-humulene and β-caryophyllene (50 mg/kg) produced comparable anti-inflammatory effects with dexamethasone treatment in model mice and rats.”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
α-Humulene prevents the generation of TNFα, while β-caryophyllene only decreases its release.
“α-Humulene prevents the generation of TNFα, while β-caryophyllene only decreases its release.”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
(-)-trans-Caryophyllene diminishes only TNF-α release in carrageenan-injected rats.
“whereas (-)-trans-caryophyllene diminished only TNF-α release [114].”
From Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils: A Short Review (2010) · cites this paper as [114]
Following carrageenan injection into the rat paw, systemic treatment with α-humulene and (-)-trans-caryophyllene markedly inhibits expression of both COX-2 and iNOS.
“Following carrageenan injection into the rat paw, the systemic treatment with α-humulene and (-)-trans-caryophyllene markedly inhibited the expression of both COX-2 and iNOS.”
From Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils: A Short Review (2010) · cites this paper as [114]
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“Some authors showed that from the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea, only α-humelene was able to reduce significantly the increase of TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the subcutaneous tissue of the rat paw after LPS treatment [113] or in carrageenan-injected rats, whereas (-)-trans-caryophyllene diminished only TNF-α releas…”
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- Authors
- Fernandes, E. S., Passos, G. F., Medeiros, R., da Cunha, F. M., Ferreira, J., Campos, M. M., Pianowski, L. F., & Calixto, J. B.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (BR)
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (BR)
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (BR)
- Venue
- European Journal of Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-08
- Volume
- 569
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 228-236
- ISSN
- 0014-2999 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1967363201
- Cited by
- 593
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 4.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Keywords
- Cordia verbenacea, α-humulene, β-caryophyllene, sesquiterpenes, essential oils, anti-inflammatory activity, paw edema, carrageenan-induced inflammation, TNF-α, IL-1β, prostaglandin E2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, histamine-induced edema, platelet-activating factor, dexamethasone
- MeSH terms
- Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes, Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes, Administration, Oral, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Brazil, Dexamethasone, Edema, Male, Medicine, Traditional, Oils, Volatile, Plants, Medicinal, Sesquiterpenes, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Dinoprostone, Rats, Wistar, Cordia, Plant Components, Aerial, Mice, Rats, Cyclooxygenase 2, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Interleukin-1beta
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