Comparative evaluation of honey, chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2%) and combination of xylitol and chlorhexidine mouthwash (0.2%) on the clinical level of dental plaque: A 30 days randomized control trial
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AIM: To compare the effect of honey, chlorhexidine mouthwash and combination of xylitol chewing gum and chlorhexidine mouthwash on the dental plaque level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety healthy dental students, both male and female, aged between 21 to 25 years participated in the study. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups, i.e. the honey group, the chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash group and the combination of xylitol chewing gum and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash group. The data was collected at the baseline, 15(th) day and 30(th) day; the plaque was disclosed using disclosing solution and their scores were recorded at six sites per tooth using the Quigley and Hein plaque index modified by Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman. Statistical analysis was carried out later to compare the effect of all the three groups. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: Our result showed that all the three groups were effective in reducing the plaque but post-hoc LSD (Least Significant Difference) showed that honey group and chlorhexidine + xylitol group were more effective than chlorhexidine group alone. The results demonstrated a significant reduction of plaque indices in honey group and chlorhexidine + xylitol group over a period of 15 and 30 days as compared to chlorhexidine.
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Reduced salivary pH, increased salivary lactate, and reduction in the buffering capacity of saliva are associated with tooth decay and periodontal diseases.
“Reduced salivary pH, increased salivary lactate, and reduction in the buffering capacity of saliva are associated with tooth decay and periodontal diseases.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
These microbial changes were accompanied by significant reductions in salivary pH and saliva buffering capacity and increased salivary lactate.
“These changes were accompanied by significant reductions in salivary pH and saliva buffering capacity and increased salivary lactate.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
Chlorhexidine digluconate is one of the most frequently used agents to kill bacteria, especially in dental clinics, and has potent broad-spectrum antiseptic properties against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
“Chlorhexidine digluconate is one of the most frequently used agents to kill bacteria, especially in dental clinics, and has potent broad‐spectrum antiseptic properties against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
Chlorhexidine is highly adherent to oral surfaces, making it an effective plaque-disrupting agent.
“It is also highly adherent to oral surfaces, making it an effective plaque‐disrupting agent.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
In the chlorhexidine mouthwash group, decreased abundance of Actinomyces possibly contributed to the lower reductive capacity observed.
“In the chlorhexidine mouthwash group, the abundance of Actinomyces decreased significantly, possibly contributing to the lower reductive capacity observed.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
The oral nitrate-reducing capacity of bacteria in the mouth was significantly reduced in the chlorhexidine mouthwash group compared with the control group.
“The oral nitrate‐reducing capacity of bacteria in the mouth was also significantly reduced in the chlorhexidine mouthwash group compared with the control group.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
Chlorhexidine mouthwash decreased concentrations of nitrite in the mouth and plasma.
“Chlorhexidine mouthwash also decreased the concentrations of nitrite in the mouth and plasma.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
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The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease
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- Authors
- Jain, A., Bhaskar, D., Gupta, D., Agali, C., Gupta, V., Gupta, R., Yadav, P., Lavate, A., & Chaturvedi, M.
- Affiliations
- Teerthanker Mahaveer University (IN)
- Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital (IN)
- Career Institute Of Medical & Dental Sciences and Hospital (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Jain, Ankita
- Venue
- Perspectives in Clinical Research
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 53
- ISSN
- 2229-3485 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4314848
- OpenAlex
- W2073769570
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 4.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Perspectives in Clinical Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
- Keywords
- dental plaque, honey, chlorhexidine gluconate, xylitol chewing gum, mouthwash, plaque reduction, plaque index
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