Anti-Biofilm Potential of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus Cell-Free Supernatant Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus
Open accessAbstract
Background: Biofilm production is an important virulence factor in Staphylococcus aureus . Most of the infections associated with biofilms of this bacterium are very difficult to treat using antibiotics. The present research studied the effects of the two probiotic Lactobacillus species L. casei and L. rhamnosus on S. aureus biofilm. Materials and Methods: Cell-free supernatant (CFS) extracts of L. casei ATCC 39392 and L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 culture were prepared. The effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of the CFS extracts on cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), initial attachment, biofilm formation, and their ability in eradicating S. aureus ATCC 33591 biofilms were assessed. In addition, the effects of CFS extracts on expression of the genes involved in formation of S. aureus biofilms ( cidA, hld, sarA, icaA, and icaR ) were also evaluated through real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: CFSs of both Lactobacillus spp. significantly reduced CSH, initial attachment, and biofilm formation and eradicated the biofilms. The above findings were supported by scanning electron microscopy results. These two Lactobacillus CFSs significantly changed the expression of all studied biofilm-related genes. Expression levels of cidA, hld , and icaR genes significantly increased by 4.4, 2.3, and 4.76 fold, respectively, but sarA and icaA genes were significantly downregulated by 3.12 and 2.3 fold. Conclusion: The results indicated that CFS extracts of L. casei and L. rhamnosus had desirable antagonistic and anti-biofilm effects against S. aureus . Consequently, carrying out further research enables us to prepare pharmaceuticals from these CFSs in order to prevent and treat infections caused by S. aureus biofilms.
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By disarming the T3SS apparatus, the probiotic abolishes Salmonella Typhi capacity to inject effector proteins into host enterocytes, halting intracellular invasion.
“By functionally “disarming” the T3SS apparatus, the probiotic categorically abolishes Salmonella Typhi capacity to inject effector proteins into host enterocytes, effectively halting intracellular invasion66.”
From Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus TMPC 41127 isolated from traditional cheese in inhibiting Salmonella Typhi biofilms and virulence genes (2026) · cites this paper as [66]
The Results and Conclusion report that Lactobacillus cell-free supernatants reduced Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Searches for Salmonella Typhi, T3SS, effector injection, and intracellular invasion found no passage addressing the attributed mechanism. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Saidi, N., Saderi, H., Owlia, P., & Soleimani, M.
- Affiliations
- Aja University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Shahed University (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Soleimani, Mohammad
- Venue
- Advanced Biomedical Research
- Published
- 2023-02
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50-50
- ISSN
- 2277-9175 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10086653
- OpenAlex
- W4365483760
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 3.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Advanced Biomedical Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Shahed University
- Aja University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Keywords
- antibiofilm activity, Staphylococcus aureus biofilm, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, cell-free supernatant, probiotics, cell surface hydrophobicity, biofilm eradication, biofilm-related gene expression, icaA, ICAR, SARA, CIDA, antibiotic resistance
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