Exploring the antimicrobial potential of lactobacilli against early-stage and mature biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Open accessAbstract
Bacterial biofilms are dynamic, complex, and very adaptive, and they can cause health problems in both humans and animals while also posing a serious threat to various industries. This study explores the potential of cell-free preparations of lactobacilli isolated from breast milk (HM; n = 11) and infant fecal (IF; n = 15) samples to impact the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. The anti-biofilm activity of three distinct cell-free preparations, namely, untreated cell-free supernatant (CFS), pH-neutralized CFS (N-CFS), and heat-treated CFS (H-CFS), was examined against both early-stage and mature biofilms. The post-incubation strategy examined the impact on mature biofilms, while the co-incubation treatment assessed the impact of CFS on adhesion and initial colonization. Compared to post-incubation treatment (HM3, 67.12%), the CFSs exhibited greater inhibitory activity during co-incubation (IF9, 85.19%). Based on the findings, untreated CFS exhibited the most promising biofilm inactivation, although its activity was not completely lost upon pH neutralization and heat treatment. Treatment with H-CFSs and N-CFSs moderately reduced the population of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacterial cells within the biofilm by 40%–60%. Microscopic observations showed that after CFS treatment, the integrity of the biofilm conformation was disrupted. According to principal component analysis (PCA) (significance level at p < 0.05), the most promising anti-biofilm activity against both test pathogens was found in the CFS of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei HM1.
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Traditional antibiotic-based approaches are often ineffective against resistant microbes within biofilms.
“Traditional antibiotic-based approaches are often ineffective against the resistant microbes within these structures8.”
From Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus TMPC 41127 isolated from traditional cheese in inhibiting Salmonella Typhi biofilms and virulence genes (2026) · cites this paper as [8]
The Introduction says biofilm bacteria resist antimicrobial agents and that conventional antimicrobial approaches may not achieve maximal efficacy against microbes in biofilms. This supports reduced effectiveness, but the claim’s “often ineffective” is stronger than the source’s qualified statement. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLAB and their antimicrobial metabolites in CFS offer a promising alternative to antibiotics.
“LAB and their antimicrobial metabolites, found in their CFS, offer a promising alternative to antibiotics8,9.”
From Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus TMPC 41127 isolated from traditional cheese in inhibiting Salmonella Typhi biofilms and virulence genes (2026) · cites this paper as [8]
The Introduction (no page given) describes LAB metabolites as a promising strategy for controlling biofilm-forming pathogens, and the Discussion reports antibiofilm effects of LAB cell-free supernatants. It presents them as a strategy in addition to antimicrobials; it does not establish LAB or their metabolites as an alternative that can replace antibiotics. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Singh, N., Gulhane, R. D., Singh, A., Goel, M., Udelal, P. P., Sangwan, V., Sihag, M. K., Goel, G., Panwar, H., & Puniya, A. K.
- Affiliations
- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (IN)
- Central University of Haryana (IN)
- National Dairy Research Institute (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Puniya, Anil Kumar
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Chemistry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2025-03-21
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 1425666-1425666
- ISSN
- 2296-2646 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11969340
- OpenAlex
- W4408692980
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5
- FWCI
- 2.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Keywords
- lactobacilli, antibiofilm activity, bacterial biofilms, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cell-free supernatant, breast milk, infant feces, Lactobacillus paracasei, biofilm eradication, bacterial adhesion
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