The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Action Research: Improving Schools and Empowering Educators
Abstract
Preface Acknowledgments Part I. ?What Is Action Research? 1. Introduction to Action Research 2. Overview of the Action Research Process Part II. ?How Di I Begin My Action Research Study? 3. Planning for Action Research 4. Developing a Research Plan Part III. ?What Do I Do With All These Data? 5. Collecting Data 6. Analyzing Data Part IV. ?I've Got Results! ... Now What? 7. Developing an Action Plan 8. Sharing and Reflecting 9. Writing Up Action Research Appendix A. Sample Action Research Report: The Achievement Gap at Highland Park High School Appendix B. Sample Action Research Report: Motivation in Social Studies Glossary References Credits Index About the Author
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Traditionally, many action researchers in school interventions have followed the cycle of needs assessment, development, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of change [23,24]. However, the limitation of following these steps is that they suggest a logical, causal process, which is difficult to identify in a complex school system initiative [25], where changes are interacting with each other”
From The Healthy Primary School of the Future: A Contextual Action-Oriented Research Approach (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 546
VISUAL ART AS A TOOL TO LEARN ABOUT LITERATURE
Ing, C. L. B., Ladin, C. A., & Wei, L. J. (2024) · Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction · doi:10.32890/mjli2024.21.2.13 · Cited by 1
Mataboge, S. K. C., & Mampane, T. J. (2024) · Social Science and Humanities Journal · doi:10.18535/sshj.v8i08.1268 · Cited by 1
Wallace, A. A., Quesenberry, K. A., & Coolsen, M. K. (2024) · Journalism & Mass Communication Educator · doi:10.1177/10776958241266891 · Cited by 1
“A nonexperimental descriptive quantitative research design was used to provide a description of attitudes or opinions of a population studying a sample of that population (Mertler, 2017).”
Action Research as an Enhancement for Teacher Professional Development
Horbačauskienė, J., Simonaitienė, B., & Ratkevičienė, M. (2025) · Advances in knowledge acquisition, transfer, and management book series/Advances in knowledge acquisition, transfer and management book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-3542-0.ch001 · Cited by 1
Wolf, L. G., Hyland, S., & O'Neill, G. M. (2025) · Educational Action Research · doi:10.1080/09650792.2025.2535722 · Cited by 1
“In educational settings, action research has proven particularly helpful in driving pedagogical innovations, improving classroom practices, and fostering professional development among educators (Mertler 2017; Mills 2018).”
Abendaño, M. D. O., & Pontillo, A. M. M. (2025) · European Journal of Contemporary Education and E-Learning · doi:10.59324/ejceel.2025.3(4).17 · Cited by 1
Segev, Y., Hason, S., & Hayak, . (2025) · TechTrends · doi:10.1007/s11528-025-01146-1 · Cited by 9
Esa, A., & Mohamad, N. H. (2014) · ATIKAN · doi:10.2121/atikan-journal.v4i1.154 · Cited by 1
Facilitating Discussion of Theory and Practice in Education Seminars
Herrmann, B., & Gallo, J. (2018) · Networks An Online Journal for Teacher Research · doi:10.4148/2470-6353.1265 · Cited by 1
“We wanted to study our own teaching practices “in order to better understand them and to be https://newprairiepress.org/networks/vol20/iss1/2 DOI: 10.4148/2470-6353.1265 able to improve [our] quality or effectiveness” (Mertler, 2014, p. 4).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialJohnson, Z., & Nelson‐Barber, S. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1839-8_73-1 · Cited by 2
Exploring New Ways of Literacy Instruction Through Practitioner Research
Marsh, J. P., & Gonzalez, D. (2019) · Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy · doi:10.1002/jaal.954 · Cited by 1
University Faculty Talk About Practitioner Research: A Conversation
Marsh, J. P., & Gonzalez, D. (2019) · Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy · doi:10.1002/jaal.1026 · Cited by 1
Walters, R. J. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2164-5_12 · Cited by 1
Praxis for Accelerated Improvement in Research (PAIR)
Anito, J. C., Limjap, A. A., & Padagas, R. C. (2020) · International Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.5430/ijhe.v9n3p248 · Cited by 1
“Other models of action research range from simple to complex (Mertler, 2017) cycles.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHernandez, A., & Rebecca, R. (2019) · Cited by 1
Sneed, O. (2019) · ProQuest LLC eBooks · Cited by 1
An Evaluation of Business Students' Perceptions about Their Personal Everyday Creativity.
Homayoun, S. (2019) · ProQuest LLC eBooks · Cited by 1
STUDENT PERCEPTION ON FLEXIBLE SEATING AND THEIR ENGAGEMENT: A DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH STUDY
Castro, C. M. (2020) · CSUSB ScholarWorks (California State University, San Bernardino) · Cited by 1
Lewis, T. E., Puckett, H., & Siegel, D. J. (2021) · Journal of Research on Leadership Education · doi:10.1177/19427751211055087 · Cited by 1
“Students conduct a review of relevant research and practice-focused literature to analyze the root causes of the problems identified, and they provide evidence that the problem affects their immediate workspace (Mertler, 2017; Sagor & Williams, 2016).”
BackgroundParent-teacher partnership: workshops to support family engagement in student reading comprehension
Chamorro, K. M. (2019) · Cited by 1
Maulyda, M. A., & Erfan, M. (2021) · SPEKTRA Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Sains · doi:10.32699/spektra.v7i2.204 · Cited by 2
“104 from aspects of social interaction between students [4;5].”
BackgroundReflections: An Evolving Academic Writer
Wilkinson, R. (2022) · The WAC Clearinghouse; University Press of Colorado eBooks · doi:10.37514/int-b.2022.1466.2.13 · Cited by 1
Sağlamgöncü, A., & Deveci, H. (2022) · International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies · doi:10.52380/ijpes.2022.9.4.922 · Cited by 1
“Although these models developed by different experts may seem different from each other, there are planning, implementation, observation and evaluation stages in all action research models (Balcı, 2021; Berg, 2001; Freankel, Wallen & Hyun, 2012; Mertler, 2017).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSuharsono, A. (2023) · Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah · doi:10.36762/jurnaljateng.v20i2.934 · Cited by 1
use of icebreakers and games for interactive online learning
Felani, H. O. (2022) · Communications in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.21924/chss.2.2.2022.39 · Cited by 1
Towards a More Inclusive Learning Experience for Minority Ethnic Students in Brunel Design School
Dong, H., Ni, Q., & Manohar, A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-28528-8_21 · Cited by 1
Colli, L. A. (2013) · Cited by 1
Bati, T. B. (2015) · Unisa Institutional Repository (University of South Africa) · Cited by 1
Understanding Student Engagement During Simulations
Gleek, C. (2014) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.1703.7685 · Cited by 1
A Study of the Perceptions of First-Year Teachers as Prepared Classroom Teachers.
Ward, V. J. (2015) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 1
The promotion of holistic wellbeing in a school of the Deaf in South Africa
Lenta, T. (2016) · Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University) · Cited by 1
Commentary on the Action Research Laboratory: A US School-based Action Research Program
Senese, J. C. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-40523-4_44 · Cited by 1
Effects of eLearning and blended instruction on student learning
Schmitt, C. P. (2016) · Cited by 1
The value of social networks to community volunteers from high risk communities
Pietersen, W. (2017) · UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria) · Cited by 1
Kayumbu, T. (2017) · Cited by 1
US Perspectives on Action Research in Education
Borowczak, A. C. B. (2019) · doi:10.1002/9781119399490.ch4 · Cited by 1
Supportive Contexts for Action Research
Lesh, J. J., & Gleason, J. (2019) · doi:10.1002/9781119399490.ch11 · Cited by 1
Enhancing the Reading Engagement of University English Language Learners: An Action Research Project
Lee, J. Y. V. (2015) · Research Commons (University of Waikato) · Cited by 1
School Wellness Action Research: from an Arts-Based Transformative Activist Stance
Munroe, K. E. (2021) · doi:10.11575/prism/38574 · Cited by 1
Rice, M. F. (2022) · Online Learning · doi:10.24059/olj.v26i1.3288 · Cited by 1
Wolde, D. (2023) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/5m2554 · Cited by 1
“The main gap in the steps of conducting action research proposed by Mertler (2009) is gathering information, what Elliot (1991) called ‘reconnaissance’ as the purpose is not proposing solution(s) as the step next to it reviewing the literature.”
BackgroundCentering student voice as a foundation of systems-level transformative leadership
Hanson, A. J. (2022) · doi:10.31274/td-20240329-128 · Cited by 1
Mandow, N. (2014) · Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology)
INVESTIGATING THE REASONS FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS’ ATTRITION AND RETENTION
Güzel, E. B. (2013) · Turkish International Journal of Special Education and Guidance & Counselling (TIJSEG)
Cantore, S. P. (2014) · Middlesex University Research Repository (Middlesex University Of London)
Gwengo, M. (2013) · Research Commons (University of Waikato)
Wang, P. (2015) · The Canadian Journal of Action Research · doi:10.33524/cjar.v16i1.178
Multimodal Composition for Teacher Candidates
Grisham, D. L., & Smetana, L. (2016) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0034-6.ch055
The localisation of the PARSNIP model and authentic materials for Libyan third level EFL contexts
Belaid, A. M. (2015) · University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick)
Gooderham, S. (2015) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-2789
A case for peer-to-peer mentoring in technical college education
Cook, M. P. (2015)
Klein, E. J., Iglesias, A., Poole, S., et al. (2015) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6300-253-0_5
Navigating the Terrain of Diversity
Rumano, M., & Sommers, R. C. (2015) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8772-1.ch011
Shepperson, T., & Blakely, A. (2015) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8411-9.ch010
Civic Minor in Urban Youth and Communities
Coffey, H., Harden, S. B., Brown, K. E., et al. (2016) · Advances in educational marketing, administration, and leadership book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0871-7.ch003
Impact of Student-Centered Learning in Mathematics
Garner, B. A. (2015) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
E-readers’ Impact on Early Readers’ Engagement and Literacy Achievement
Wenzel, A., & Peterson, C. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-40523-4_43
Suchá, L. Z., & Steinerová, J. (2016)
An exploratory study of the use of classroom blogs to improve student writing
Jones, J. S., Rice, M., Wright, V., et al. (2016) · W. S. Hoole Special Collections Library Manuscript Collections
Vermishyan, H., & Balasanyan, S. (2015)
Predictors of Sales Performance in B2B Hybrid Organisations: An Action Research Inquiry
Gross, S. (2016) · University of Liverpool · doi:10.17638/03003481
Literacies and engagement: incorporating Yup'ik literacies in a language arts classroom
Gehman, M. J. (2017) · ScholarWorks - UA (University of Alaska System)
Creating Belonging for Aboriginal Learners in Elementary Schools
Edwards, K. (2017) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/prism/25482
Designing for Knowledge Building: An Action Research Study in an Elementary Classroom
Parker, R. J. (2018) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/prism/5419 · Cited by 1
Support for learners with language barriers to learning in Mafikeng area Primary Schools
Mampe, M. S. (2016) · Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)
Effective reading strategies to engage reluctant readers
Johnson, P. R. (2014) · Minds at UW (University of Wisconsin)
Language Teachers Improving Their Practice and Generating Knowledge through Action Research
Peralta-Castro, F., & Valdivia, P. J. M. (2018) · Global Research in Higher Education · doi:10.22158/grhe.v2n1p1
Advancing AVID Tutoring: Blended Professional Learning for College Tutor/Mentors in AVID.
Garcia, M. B. (2018) · ProQuest LLC eBooks
Action Research and Popular Education
Rademaker, L. L. (2019) · doi:10.1002/9781119399490.ch16
Pereira, G. F. (2018) · ProQuest LLC eBooks
Lazarus, S. F. (2018) · ProQuest LLC eBooks
Yip, J., Razali, M. A. T. M., & Ismail, N. (2018) · doi:10.2991/reka-18.2018.43
Roy, B. M. (2019) · ProQuest LLC eBooks
Powering up: Discourses of Power Used by Aspiring Female Administrators Seeking Leadership Roles
Aiello, A. J. (2019) · John Spoor Broome Library Institutional Repository (California State University)
ΔΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΗ ΣΥΓΚΡΟΥΣΕΩΝ ΜΕΣΩ ΚΟΥΚΛΑΣ: ΜΙΑ ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΗΣ
Βίτσου, Μ. (2014) · Ερευνώντας τον κόσμο του παιδιού · doi:10.12681/icw.17917
Savaglio, L. N. (2019) · ProQuest LLC eBooks
White, L. (2019) · ProQuest LLC eBooks
Castiglione, R. A. (2019) · ProQuest LLC eBooks
The Missing Voice: Using Action Research to Bring Students into Third Space Preservice Education
Klein, E. J., Iglesias, A., Poole, S., et al. (2015) · doi:10.1007/9789463002530_006
Prange, B. Y. (2018) · Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University)
Guidelines for the migration of business intelligence in a developing organisation
van der Walt, A. (2019) · Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)
Robertson, E. G. (2018) · Digital Commons - Gardner-Webb University (Gardner–Webb University)
Cowan, Z. J. (2021) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · doi:10.26076/8512-2fe7
The Effectiveness Of Read 180 At A Cooperative High School In New England (CHSNE)
Daboul, M. E. (2020) · DUNE - DigitalUNE (University of New England)
Mulkaziah, M. (2020) · Indonesian Journal of Social Science Education (IJSSE) · doi:10.29300/ijsse.v2i1.2937
Action Research Communities of Practice: Building Novice Teacher Self-Efficacy.
Vann, W. F. (2019) · ProQuest LLC eBooks
Metadata
- Authors
- Mertler, C. A.
- Corresponding author
- Mertler, Craig A.
- ORCID
- Mertler, Craig A.
- Venue
- Sage eBooks
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications, Inc
- Published
- 2017
- OpenAlex
- W627469496
- Cited by
- 547
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 89 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 23
- FWCI
- 67.57
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sage eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Research and Methods
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Assessment and Improvement
- Keywords
- action research, school improvement, teacher empowerment, research planning, data collection, data analysis, action planning, reflective practice, sharing research results, achievement gap, student motivation, social studies education
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review