Cited by 106Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersCell Adhesion Molecules Research

Cadherins and catenins in dendrite and synapse morphogenesis

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Seong, Eunju, Yuan, Li, Arikkath, Jyothi·2015·Cell Adhesion & Migration

Abstract

Neurons are highly polarized specialized cells. Neuronal integrity and functional roles are critically dependent on dendritic architecture and synaptic structure, function and plasticity. The cadherins are glycosylated transmembrane proteins that form cell adhesion complexes in various tissues. They are associated with a group of cytosolic proteins, the catenins. While the functional roles of the complex have been extensively investigates in non-neuronal cells, it is becoming increasingly clear that components of the complex have critical roles in regulating dendritic and synaptic architecture, function and plasticity in neurons. Consistent with these functional roles, aberrations in components of the complex have been implicated in a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review, we discuss the roles of the classical cadherins and catenins in various aspects of dendrite and synapse architecture and function and their relevance to human neurological disorders. Cadherins are glycosylated transmembrane proteins that were initially identified as Ca(2+)-dependent cell adhesion molecules. They are present on plasma membrane of a variety of cell types from primitive metazoans to humans. In the past several years, it has become clear that in addition to providing mechanical adhesion between cells, cadherins play integral roles in tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. The cadherin family is composed of more than 100 members and classified into several subfamilies, including classical cadherins and protocadherins. Several of these cadherin family members have been implicated in various aspects of neuronal development and function. (1-3) The classical cadherins are associated with a group of cytosolic proteins, collectively called the catenins. While the functional roles of the cadherin-catenin cell adhesion complex have been extensively investigated in epithelial cells, it is now clear that components of the complex are well expressed in central neurons at different stages during development. (4,5) Recent exciting studies have shed some light on the functional roles of cadherins and catenins in central neurons. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of the cadherin superfamily, describe cadherin family members expressed in central neurons, cadherin-catenin complexes in central neurons and then focus on role of the cadherin-catenin complex in dendrite morphogenesis and synapse morphogenesis, function and plasticity. The final section is dedicated to discussion of the emerging list of neural disorders linked to cadherins and catenins. While the roles of cadherins and catenins have been examined in several different types of neurons, the focus of this review is their role in mammalian central neurons, particularly those of the cortex and hippocampus. Accompanying this review is a series of excellent reviews targeting the roles of cadherins and protocadherins in other aspects of neural development.

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Crossref · 10.4161/19336918.2014.994919

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Authors
Seong, E., Yuan, L., & Arikkath, J.
Affiliations
University of Nebraska Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Arikkath, Jyothi
Venue
Cell Adhesion & Migration
Published
2015-04-27
Volume
9
Issue
3
Pages
202-213
ISSN
  • 1933-6918 (ISSN-L)
  • 1933-6926
OpenAlex
W1971317316
Cited by
105
References
99
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2
FWCI
1.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell Adhesion & Migration (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
Keywords
cadherins, catenins, cadherin-catenin complex, dendrite morphogenesis, synaptic plasticity, neuronal polarity, protocadherins, neurodevelopmental disorders, neuronal development, cell adhesion, central nervous system neurons, neurological disorders, calcium-dependent adhesion, tissue morphogenesis
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Cell Membrane, Dendrites, Epilepsy, Hippocampus, Humans, Morphogenesis, Neurons, Spine, Synapses, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Cadherins, Catenins

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