The protonophore CCCP interferes with lysosomal degradation of autophagic cargo in yeast and mammalian cells
Abstract
Mitophagy is a selective pathway, which targets and delivers mitochondria to the lysosomes for degradation. Depolarization of mitochondria by the protonophore CCCP is a strategy increasingly used to experimentally trigger not only mitophagy, but also bulk autophagy. Using live-cell fluorescence microscopy we found that treatment of HeLa cells with CCCP caused redistribution of mitochondrially targeted dyes, including DiOC6, TMRM, MTR, and MTG, from mitochondria to the cytosol, and subsequently to lysosomal compartments. Localization of mitochondrial dyes to lysosomal compartments was caused by retargeting of the dye, rather than delivery of mitochondrial components to the lysosome. We showed that CCCP interfered with lysosomal function and autophagosomal degradation in both yeast and mammalian cells, inhibited starvation-induced mitophagy in mammalian cells, and blocked the induction of mitophagy in yeast cells. PARK2/Parkin-expressing mammalian cells treated with CCCP have been reported to undergo high levels of mitophagy and clearance of all mitochondria during extensive treatment with CCCP. Using correlative light and electron microscopy in PARK2-expressing HeLa cells, we showed that mitochondrial remnants remained present in the cell after 24 h of CCCP treatment, although they were no longer easily identifiable as such due to morphological alterations. Our results showed that CCCP inhibits autophagy at both the initiation and lysosomal degradation stages. In addition, our data demonstrated that caution should be taken when using organelle-specific dyes in conjunction with strategies affecting membrane potential.
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CCCP can interfere with lysosomal function and inhibit autophagic cargo degradation in both yeast and HeLa cells.
“For instance, CCCP can interfere with lysosomal function and inhibit autophagic cargo degradation in both yeast and HeLa cells [83].”
From Mitochondrial Uncoupling: A Key Controller of Biological Processes in Physiology and Diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [83]
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- Authors
- Padman, B. S., Bach, M., Lucarelli, G., Prescott, M., & Ramm, G.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Ramm, Georg
- Venue
- Autophagy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-11-03
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1862-1875
- ISSN
- 1554-8627 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-8635
- OpenAlex
- W1975927237
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 6.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Autophagy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Calcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Keywords
- CCCP, protonophores, mitophagy, lysosomal degradation, mitochondrial depolarization, yeast, HeLa cells, membrane potential
- MeSH terms
- Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins, Autophagy, Biological Transport, Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone, Coloring Agents, HeLa Cells, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Intracellular Membranes, Lysosomes, Membrane Potentials, Phagosomes, Receptors, Cell Surface, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Vacuoles, Membrane Transport Proteins, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, HEK293 Cells, Mitophagy
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