Sex Differences in the Expression of Drug-Metabolizing and Transporter Genes in Human Liver
Open accessAbstract
Human sex differences in the gene expression of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) introduce differences in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, possibly affecting drug efficacy and adverse reactions. However, existing studies aimed at identifying dimorphic expression differences of DMET genes are limited by sample size and the number of genes profiled. Focusing on a list of 374 DMET genes, we analyzed a previously published gene expression data set consisting of human male (n=234) and female (n=193) liver samples, and identified 77 genes showing differential expression due to sex. To delineate the biological functionalities and regulatory mechanisms for the differentially expressed DMET genes, we conducted a co-expression network analysis. Moreover, clinical implications of sex differences in the expression of human hepatic DMETs are discussed. This study may contribute to the realization of personalized medicine by better understanding the inter-individual differences between males and females in drug/xenobiotic responses and human disease susceptibilities.
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There are sex-specific differences in the activity and expression of many CYP isoforms.
“Accumulating evidence has shown sex-specific differences in the activity and expression of many CYP isoforms [15,16,17].”
From Effect of Caffeine Consumption on the Risk for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Sex Differences in Human (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
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- Authors
- Yang, L., & Li, Y.
- Affiliations
- National Center for Toxicological Research (US)
- ORCID
- Li, Yan
- Venue
- Journal of Drug Metabolism & Toxicology
- Publisher
- OMICS Publishing Group
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1000119-1000119
- ISSN
- 2157-7609 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5699760
- OpenAlex
- W2185216198
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 3.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Drug Metabolism & Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (FD999999)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Keywords
- sex differences, drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters, human liver, gene expression, differential gene expression, co-expression network, personalized medicine, interindividual variability, drug response
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