Sex-specific differences in CYP450 isoforms in humans
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The activity of various CYP isoforms is critical for maintaining the clinical effectiveness of many medications. Therefore, determining the sex-dependent activity of clinically relevant CYP families is highly important for optimal therapeutic effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: This review examined the sex-dependent activity of CYP3A, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2E1. METHODS: This review searched for studies performed in humans and hormonal status was not a limiting factor. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence suggests that CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 activity is higher in males than females, while CYP3A, one of the most clinically relevant CYP isoforms, appears to have greater activity in females. Overall, more studies are needed to fully support these conclusions as there are many factors that influence drug metabolism and thus it is very difficult to isolate gender as a sole modulator of CYP activity.
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There are sex-specific differences in the activity and expression of many CYP isoforms.
“Accumulating evidence has shown sex-specific differences in the activity and expression of many CYP isoforms [15,16,17].”
From Effect of Caffeine Consumption on the Risk for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Sex Differences in Human (2020) · cites this paper as [15]
CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 activities are higher in men than in women, while CYP3A activity is greater in women.
“Recent studies demonstrate that CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 activities are higher in men than in women, while the activity of CYP3A, one of the most clinically relevant CYP isoforms, is greater in women [15].”
From Effect of Caffeine Consumption on the Risk for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Sex Differences in Human (2020) · cites this paper as [15]
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“Recent studies demonstrate that CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 activities are higher in men than in women, while the activity of CYP3A, one of the most clinically relevant CYP isoforms, is greater in women [15].”
BackgroundBile Acid Receptors and the Gut–Liver Axis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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Adverse Drug Reactions in Women's Health Care
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Biological sex differences in pharmacokinetics and adverse drug reactions
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Assessing City-Wide Pharmaceutical Emissions to Wastewater via Modelling and Passive Sampling
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Sex‐Dependent Effects of <scp>CYP2D6</scp> on the Pharmacokinetics of Berberine in Humans
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- Authors
- Scandlyn, M. J., Stuart, E. C., & Rosengren, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Otago (NZ)
- ORCID
- Rosengren, Rhonda J
- Venue
- Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 413-424
- ISSN
- 1742-5255 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-7607
- OpenAlex
- W2133866312
- Cited by
- 199
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- sex differences, CYP450 isoforms, cytochrome P450, CYP3A, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, drug metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Female, Hormones, Humans, Isoenzymes, Male, Sex Factors, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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