The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Anxiety, Distress, and Turnover Intention of Healthcare Workers in Peru by Their Distance to the Epicenter during the COVID-19 Crisis
Open accessAbstract
We conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the anxiety, distress, and turnover intention (likelihood to leave their current job) of healthcare workers in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results reported that 21.7% healthcare workers in Peru experienced severe anxiety, whereas 26.1% of them experienced severe mental distress. A higher level of education related with a lower level of anxiety. Younger workers had a higher level of turnover intention than their older colleagues did. Healthcare workers in the private sector had a higher turnover intention than those in the public sector. Most importantly, people who were geographically far from Lima, the epicenter in Peru, during the outbreak experienced less anxiety and mental distress, corroborating the ripple effect and disconfirming the typhoon eye theory. However, the direction of these relationships can change depending on the type of institutions (public versus private) and the type of employees' contract (full time versus part time). Our research helps provide insights for clinical professionals in identifying the vulnerable groups to mental disorders in Peru. This is the first study to assess anxiety, mental distress, and turnover intention in healthcare workers in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“this was in contrast to findings in a study from Peru [67], which reported that younger HCWs were more prone to experiencing turnover intention.”
From A global overview of healthcare workers’ turnover intention amid COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review with future directions (2022) · cites this paper as [67]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Psychological Impact of Quarantine and How to Reduce It: Rapid Review of the Evidence
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3532534 · Cited by 16,394
The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30460-8 · Cited by 16,378
Slovic, P. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3563507 · Cited by 9,271
Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., et al. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976 · Cited by 8,015
The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934 · Cited by 5,843
Screening for serious mental illness in the general population
Kessler, R. C., Barker, P. R., Colpe, L. J., Epstein, J. F., Gfroerer, J. C., Hiripi, E., Howes, M. J., Normand, S.-L. T., Manderscheid, R. W., Walters, E. E., et al. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.184 · Cited by 5,692
Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020) · General Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213 · Cited by 4,307
Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed
Xiang, Y.-T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30046-8 · Cited by 3,598
Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak
Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H., & Dai, J. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231924 · Cited by 2,830
Mental Health Problems and Social Media Exposure During COVID-19 Outbreak
Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H., & Dai, J. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3541120 · Cited by 2,830
Mazza, C., Ricci, E., Biondi, S., Colasanti, M., Ferracuti, S., Napoli, C., & Roma, P. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17093165 · Cited by 1,899
Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic
Duan, L., & Zhu, G. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30073-0 · Cited by 1,885
Kang, L., Ma, S., Chen, M., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, R., Yao, L., Bai, H., Cai, Z., Xiang Yang, B., et al. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028 · Cited by 1,516
González-Sanguino, C., Ausín, B., Castellanos, M. Á., Saiz, J., López-Gómez, A., Ugidos, C., & Muñoz, M. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.040 · Cited by 1,373
Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore
Tan, B. Y. Q., Chew, N. W. S., Lee, G. K. H., Jing, M., Goh, Y., Yeo, L. L. L., Zhang, K., Chin, H.-K., Ahmad, A., Khan, F. A., et al. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m20-1083 · Cited by 1,279
The emotional impact of coronavirus 2019-NCoV (new coronavirus disease)
Lima, C. K. T., Carvalho, P. M. D. M., Lima, I. D. A. A. S., Nunes, J. V. A. D. O., Saraiva, J. S., de Souza, R. I., da Silva, C. G. L., & Neto, M. L. R. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112915 · Cited by 1,163
Responding to Covid-19 — A Once-in-a-Century Pandemic?
Gates, B. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp2003762 · Cited by 1,076
Prochaska, J. J., Sung, H., Max, W., Shi, Y., & Ong, M. (2012) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1349 · Cited by 942
Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Dosil-Santamaria, M., Picaza-Gorrochategui, M., & Idoiaga-Mondragon, N. (2020) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00054020 · Cited by 892
Zhang, S. X., Wang, Y., Rauch, A., & Wei, F. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112958 · Cited by 828
Self-citation(2018) · PubMed · Cited by 663
Moccia, L., Janiri, D., Pepe, M., Dattoli, L., Molinaro, M., De Martin, V., Chieffo, D., Janiri, L., Fiorillo, A., Sani, G., et al. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.048 · Cited by 605
Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Dosil-Santamaria, M., Picaza-Gorrochategui, M., & Idoiaga-Mondragon, N. (2021) · SciELO journals · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14280665 · Cited by 575
Validation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) among Chinese people with epilepsy
Tong, X., An, D., McGonigal, A., Park, S.-P., & Zhou, D. (2016) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.11.019 · Cited by 525
Lombardo, P., Jones, W., Wang, L., Shen, X., & Goldner, E. M. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5235-x · Cited by 333
Zhang, S. X., Liu, J., Jahanshahi, A. A., Nawaser, K., Yousefi, A., Li, J., & Sun, S. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.010 · Cited by 314
Self-citationThe role of behavioral experience in judging risks.
Halpern‐Felsher, B. L., Millstein, S. G., Ellen, J. M., Adler, N. E., Tschann, J. M., & Biehl, M. C. (2001) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.20.2.120 · Cited by 241
Lau, A. L. D., Chi, I., Cummins, R. A., Lee, T. M. C., Chou, K.-L., & Chung, L. W. M. (2008) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860802380607 · Cited by 217 · cited 2×
“Divorced or others 50 (17) 10 (19) 11 (17) 11 (17) 12 (15) 1 (5) 5 (21) 12 (8) 32 (29) 6 (17) Number of children 0 119 (39) 15 (28) 21 (33) 22 (35) 36 (45) 13 (65) 12 (50) 81 (51) 23 (21) 15 (43) 1 80 (26) 15 (28) 16 (25) 18 (29) 16 (20) 7 (35) 8 (33) 34 (22) 40 (36) 6 (17) 2 59 (19) 11 (21) 11 (17) 21 (33) 13 (16) 0…”
Jahanshahi, A. A., Dinani, M. M., Madavani, A. N., Li, J., & Zhang, S. X. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.081 · Cited by 210
Self-citationTurnover Intention Influencing Factors of Employees: An Empirical Work Review
Belete, A. K. (2018) · Journal of Entrepreneurship & Organization Management · doi:10.4172/2169-026x.1000253 · Cited by 178
The Peru Approach against the COVID-19 Infodemic: Insights and Strategies
Álvarez-Risco, A., Mejia, C. R., Delgado-Zegarra, J., Del-Aguila-Arcentales, S., Arce‐Esquivel, A. A., Valladares-Garrido, M. J., del Portal, M. R., Villegas, L., Curioso, W. H., Sekar, M. C., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.20-0536 · Cited by 170
Self-citationStigmatization of Newly Emerging Infectious Diseases: AIDS and SARS
Des Jarlais, D. C., Galea, S., Tracy, M., Tross, S., & Vlahov, D. (2006) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2004.054742 · Cited by 140
Bacon, A. M., & Corr, P. J. (2020) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12423 · Cited by 131
“A time of fear”: local, national, and international responses to a large Ebola outbreak in Uganda
Kinsman, J. (2012) · Globalization and Health · doi:10.1186/1744-8603-8-15 · Cited by 130
Are older people more vulnerable to long-term impacts of disasters?
Rafiey, H., Momtaz, Y. A., Alipour, F., Khankeh, H. R., Ahmadi, S., Khoshnami, M. S., & Haron, S. A. (2016) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s122122 · Cited by 103
Public Health Perspectives on the Family
Novilla, M. L. B., Barnes, M., Cruz, N. G. D. L., Williams, P. N., & Rogers, J. (2006) · Family & Community Health · doi:10.1097/00003727-200601000-00005 · Cited by 101
The ‘Typhoon Eye Effect’: determinants of distress during the SARS epidemic
Xie, X., Stone, E. R., Zheng, R., & Zhang, R.-G. (2011) · Journal of Risk Research · doi:10.1080/13669877.2011.571790 · Cited by 86
The stability of life satisfaction in a 15-year follow-up of adult Finns healthy at baseline
Koivumaa-Honkanen, H. T., Kaprio, J. A., Honkanen, R., Viinamäki, H. T., & Koskenvuo, M. J. (2005) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-5-4 · Cited by 85
Psychological Typhoon Eye in the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
Li, S., Rao, L., Ren, X., Bai, X., Zheng, R., Li, J., Wang, Z., & Liu, H. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004964 · Cited by 83
Self-citationClustering of teenage suicides after television news stories about suicides: a reconsideration
Kessler, R. C., Downey, G., Milavsky, J. R., & Stipp, H. H. (1988) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.145.11.1379 · Cited by 80
Zhang, S. X., Huang, H., & Wei, F. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112998 · Cited by 79
Self-citationThe Emotional Effects of Disaster on Children: A Review of the Literature
Aptekar, L., & Boore, J. A. (1990) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.1990.11449164 · Cited by 73
Covid-19 in Peru: from supervised walks for children to the first case of Kawasaki-like syndrome
Yáñez, J. A., Álvarez-Risco, A., & Delgado-Zegarra, J. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m2418 · Cited by 68
Self-citationRissanen, T., Viinamäki, H. T., Lehto, S. M., Hintikka, J. J., Honkalampi, K. M., Saharinen, T., & Koivumaa-Honkanen, H. T. (2012) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2012.687766 · Cited by 27
Respiratory Therapist Job Perceptions: The Impact of Protocol Use
Metcalf, A. Y., Stoller, J. K., Habermann, M., & Fry, T. D. (2015) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.4187/respcare.04156 · Cited by 19
Tang, P. M., Zhang, S. X., Li, C. H., & Wei, F. (2020) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.13114 · Cited by 18
Self-citationArriola-Vigo, J. A., Stovall, J. G., Moon, T. D., Audet, C. M., & Diez‐Canseco, F. (2019) · International Journal of Health Policy and Management · doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2019.68 · Cited by 12
Zafra‐Tanaka, J. H., Pacheco‐Barrios, K., Inga-Berrospi, F., & Taype-Rondán, Á. (2019) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-019-1900-8 · Cited by 12
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 14
- Yáñez, 2020, Rapid Response: Clearing the Path for COVID-19 in Peru? The Decision of Supervised Walks for Children and Adolescents
- Yáñez, 2020, Rapid Response: Does Peru Really Have That High Number of COVID-19 Confirmed Cases? The Deception of Combining RT-PCR and Rapid Test Results
- 2020, Alerta Epidemiológica AE-013-2020
- 2020, Minedu Suspende Clases en Universidades Públicas y Privadas para Evitar Propagación del Coronavirus
- 2020, Decreto Supremo No 044-2020-PCM - Estado de Emergencia Nacional por las Graves Circunstancias que Afectan la vida de la Nación a consecuencia del brote del COVID-19
- Maher, 2020, COVID-19 outbreak situation and its psychological impact among surgeon in training in France, World J Urol, Apr 24, 1
- Lagasse, 2020, Healthcare Workers Risk Burnout, Exposure in Wake of Coronavirus Pandemic
- Langer, 2020, Coronavirus Impacts: Disrupted Lives, Elevated Stress, and Soaring Worry
- Greenwood, 2016, Social Media Update 2016: Facebook Usage and Engagement Is on the Rise, while Adoption of Other Formats Holds Steady
- 2020, Minsa: Casos Confirmados por Coronavirus COVID-19 Ascienden a 5 897 en el Perú (Comunicado N° 61)
- 2020, Minsa: Casos Confirmados por Coronavirus COVID-19 Ascienden a 42 534 (Comunicado N° 85)
- He, 2010, Reliability and validity of a generalized anxiety scale in general hospital outpatients, Shanghai Arch Psychiatry, 22, 200
- Funk, 2003, Organization of Services for Mental Health
- Chang-kyong, 2020, Coronavirus Cluster Emerges at Another South Korean Church, as Others Press Ahead with Sunday Services
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rodríguez-Hidalgo, A. J., Pantaleón, Y., Dios, I., & Falla, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591797 · Cited by 408
Poon, Y.-S. R., Lin, Y. P., Griffiths, P., Yong, K. K., Seah, B., & Liaw, S. Y. (2022) · Human Resources for Health · doi:10.1186/s12960-022-00764-7 · Cited by 394
Falatah, R. (2021) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.3390/nursrep11040075 · Cited by 303
Prevalence of Self-Medication during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Peru
Quispe-Cañari, J. F., Fidel-Rosales, E., Manrique, D., Mascaró-Zan, J., Huamán-Castillón, K. M., Chamorro–Espinoza, S. E., Garayar–Peceros, H., Ponce–López, V. L., Sifuentes-Rosales, J., Álvarez-Risco, A., et al. (2020) · Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2020.12.001 · Cited by 256
Self-citationSuccumbing to the COVID-19 Pandemic—Healthcare Workers Not Satisfied and Intend to Leave Their Jobs
Zhang, S. X., Chen, J., Jahanshahi, A. A., Álvarez-Risco, A., Dai, H., Li, J., & Patty-Tito, R. M. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00418-6 · Cited by 183
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Yáñez, J. A., Afshar Jahanshahi, A., Alvarez-Risco, A., Li, J., & Zhang, S. X.
- Affiliations
- Peruvian University of Applied Sciences (PE)
- CENTRUM Católica Graduate Business School (CCGBS), Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Peru (PUCP), Lima, Peru;
- Carrera de Negocios Internacionales, Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales y Economicas, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Peru;
- Tsinghua University (CN)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Yáñez, Jaime A.
- Li, Jizhen
- Venue
- The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
- Published
- 2020-10-07
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1614-1620
- ISSN
- 0002-9637 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-1645
- PMC
- PMC7543861
- OpenAlex
- W3058783962
- Cited by
- 200
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 17.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Tsinghua University (TISD201904, COVID-19)
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers, anxiety, psychological distress, turnover intention, Lima, public-private comparison, part-time work, Peru
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, Psychological Distress, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Status, Female, Geography, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Personnel Turnover, Peru, Pneumonia, Viral, Severity of Illness Index, Coronavirus Infections, Intention, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
