Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain
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Highlights • The 18.7% of the sample revealed depressive symptomatology, the 21.6% anxiety and the 15.8% PSTD.• Being older, economic stability and information were negatively related to the symptomatology.• Female, previous diagnoses or Covid-19 symptoms were associated with symptomatology.• Spiritual well-being was a common protector for all symptomatology and the loneliness a predictor.
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Strict confinement and the threat of rising infections led to great psychological suffering and significant adverse mental health consequences, especially in vulnerable groups such as university students.
“This strict confinement, together with the threat derived from the rising number of infections, led to great psychological suffering and significant adverse consequences for mental health (Brooks et al., 2020; González-Sanguino et al., 2020), especially in vulnerable groups such as university students (Araújo et al., 2020; Kaparounaki et al., 2020; Odriozola-González et al., 2020).”
From Feasibility of a Brief Online Mindfulness and Compassion-Based Intervention to Promote Mental Health Among University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as González-Sanguino et al., 2020
Even before the pandemic, women had higher prevalence of anxiety, depressive, and eating pathology symptoms.
“women experienced higher prevalence rates of anxiety, depressive, and eating pathology symptoms even prior to the pandemic”
From Prevalence rates of anxiety, depressive, and eating pathology symptoms between the pre- and peri-COVID-19 eras: A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Gonzalez-Sanguino et al., 2020
Recent studies found that loneliness strongly predicted depressive and anxiety symptoms during COVID-19 lockdowns.
“For example, recent studies found that loneliness strongly predicted depressive and anxiety symptoms during COVID-19-related lockdown measures (Palgi et al., 2020; González-Sanguino et al., 2020).”
From Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults from Germany (2020) · cites this paper as González-Sanguino et al., 2020
Recent studies found that insufficient information or misinformation about COVID-19 was associated with poorer mental health and well-being.
“For example, recent studies found that insufficient information (González-Sanguino et al., 2020) or misinformation (‘fake news’) on COVID-19 (Wang et al., 2020) was associated with poorer mental health and well-being (Ko et al., 2020; Chao et al., 2020; Gao et al., 2020).”
From Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults from Germany (2020) · cites this paper as González-Sanguino et al., 2020
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- Authors
- González-Sanguino, C., Ausín, B., Castellanos, M. Á., Saiz, J., López-Gómez, A., Ugidos, C., & Muñoz, M.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-07
- Volume
- 87
- Pages
- 172-176
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7219372
- OpenAlex
- W3025428389
- Semantic Scholar
- 14eed44f2b77fc33b7daa7f83f808f1826441fb2
- Cited by
- 1,373
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 194 · 2022: 328 · 2021: 516 · 2020: 160
- FWCI
- 119.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Hispana (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UVaDOC UVaDOC University of Valladolid Documentary Repository (University of Valladolid) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, mental health, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, loneliness, spiritual well-being, social support, discrimination, sense of belonging, vulnerable populations, psychological support, Spain
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Aged, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Surveys and Questionnaires, Spain, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
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