Artificial intelligence in senology—where do we stand and what are the future horizons?
Open accessAbstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is defined as the simulation of human intelligence by a digital computer or robotic system and has become a hype in current conversations. A subcategory of AI is deep learning, which is based on complex artificial neural networks that mimic the principles of human synaptic plasticity and layered brain architectures, and uses large-scale data processing. AI-based image analysis in breast screening programmes has shown non-inferior sensitivity, reduces workload by up to 70% by pre-selecting normal cases, and reduces recall by 25% compared to human double reading. Natural language programs such as ChatGPT (OpenAI) achieve 80% and higher accuracy in advising and decision making compared to the gold standard: human judgement. This does not yet meet the necessary requirements for medical products in terms of patient safety. The main advantage of AI is that it can perform routine but complex tasks much faster and with fewer errors than humans. The main concerns in healthcare are the stability of AI systems, cybersecurity, liability and transparency. More widespread use of AI could affect human jobs in healthcare and increase technological dependency. AI in senology is just beginning to evolve towards better forms with improved properties. Responsible training of AI systems with meaningful raw data and scientific studies to analyse their performance in the real world are necessary to keep AI on track. To mitigate significant risks, it will be necessary to balance active promotion and development of quality-assured AI systems with careful regulation. AI regulation has only recently included in transnational legal frameworks, as the European Union's AI Act was the first comprehensive legal framework to be published, in December 2023. Unacceptable AI systems will be banned if they are deemed to pose a clear threat to people's fundamental rights. Using AI and combining it with human wisdom, empathy and affection will be the method of choice for further, fruitful development of tomorrow's senology.
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ChatGPT has been used to assist in the interpretation of personalized breast cancer screening studies with 80% accuracy while reducing clinician workload by 70%.
“For example, ChatGPT has been used to assist in the interpretation of personalized breast cancer screening studies with 80% accuracy while reducing clinician workload by 70% [38].”
From Empathic AI for Patient-Centered Cancer Care: A Scoping Review of Patient Navigation, Support, and Clinical Practice (2026) · cites this paper as [38]
The section ‘Have These Possibilities Already Touched the Field of Breast Healthcare?’ (page not supplied) reports that ChatGPT recommendations, including radiology-screening recommendations, were at least 80% in line with human judgement. It does not report 80% accuracy in interpreting personalized breast cancer screening studies. The ‘AI in Breast Cancer Screening’ section reports a 44.3% reduction in screen-reading workload with AI-assisted mammography, not a 70% reduction attributable to ChatGPT. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Mundinger, A., & Mundinger, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Münster (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Mundinger, Alexander
- Venue
- European Journal of Breast Health
- Publisher
- Galenos Yayinevi
- Published
- 2024-04-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 73-80
- ISSN
- 2587-0831 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10985572
- OpenAlex
- W4393223149
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- European Journal of Breast Health (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › AI in cancer detection
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence, breast cancer screening, deep learning, AI image analysis, natural language processing, ChatGPT, AI regulation, EU AI Act, patient safety, human-AI collaboration, technology dependence, cybersecurity
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