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Effect Sizes for Research
Abstract
Noted for its comprehensive coverage, this greatly expanded new edition now covers the use of univariate and multivariate effect sizes. Many measures and estimators are reviewed along with their application, interpretation, and limitations. Noted for its practical approach, the book features numerous examples using real data for a variety of variables and designs, to help readers apply the material to their own data. Tips on the use of SPSS, SAS, R, and S-Plus are provided. The book's broad disciplinary appeal results from its inclusion of a variety of examples from psychology, medicine, education, and other social sciences. Special attention is paid to confidence intervals, the statistical assumptions of the methods, and robust estimators of effect sizes. The extensive reference section is appreciated by all. With more than 40% new material, highlights of the new editon include: three new multivariate chapters covering effect sizes for analysis of covariance, multiple regression/correlation, and multivariate analysis of variance more learning tools in each chapter including introductions, summaries, "Tips and Pitfalls" and more conceptual and computational questions more coverage of univariate effect sizes, confidence intervals, and effect sizes for repeated measures to reflect their increased use in research more software references for calculating effect sizes and their confidence intervals including SPSS, SAS, R, and S-Plus the data used in the book are now provided on the web along with new data and suggested calculations with IBM SPSS syntax for computational practice. Effect Sizes for Research covers standardized and unstandardized differences between means, correlational measures, strength of association, and parametric and nonparametric measures for between- and within-groups data. Intended as a resource for professionals, researchers, and advanced students in a variety of fields, this book is also an excellent supplement for advanced statistics courses in psychology, education, the social sciences, business, and medicine. A prerequisite of introductory statistics through factorial analysis of variance and chi-square is recommended.
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“An accepted measure of effect size for the Wilcoxon rank-sum test is Cliff ' s delta measure, also known as Cliff ' s dominance measure (Grissom, 2015; Grissom & Kim, 2012).”
From Increasing high school teachers self-efficacy for integrated STEM instruction through a collaborative community of practice (2020) · cites this paper as Grissom & Kim, 2012
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Items 301–400 of 474
Nijenhuis, J. T., van den Hoek, M., & Dragt, J. (2019) · Psych · doi:10.3390/psych1010008 · Cited by 11
Shieh, G. (2020) · Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1080/19466315.2020.1788982 · Cited by 7
“In addition to the theoretical perspectives for ANCOVA, a numerical demonstration is presented to illustrate the usefulness of minimum effect tests of standardized contrast with the data in Fleiss (2011) about assessing the treatment effects for gingivitis.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMeasurement Equivalence, Symmetry, Effect Sizes, and Meta-Analysis
Nugent, W. R. (2021) · Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research · doi:10.1086/713393 · Cited by 5
“The current investigation extends this research to all z-score-based and all rank-order-based ESs, including the Spearman rank order correlation; a nonparametric version of the common language ES, D (Ruscio, 2008); and others discussed by Grissom & Kim (2012).”
BackgroundMethodEvaluation of the Building Everyday Life positive parenting programme
López, S. T., Calvo, J. V. P., Inda, M., García, C. M. F., & Rodríguez‐Menéndez, C. (2015) · Journal of Children s Services · doi:10.1108/jcs-07-2014-0035 · Cited by 5
Important Considerations When Selecting a Risk Assessment Tool
Glaser, D. N. (2018) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2018.1474514 · Cited by 6
“Besides the reporting of p-values, some type of effect size that empirically expresses the magnitude of the relationship of the two variables (and accompanying judgment thereof) needs to be conveyed (Grissom & Kim, 2012).”
Are Teachers and Schools Ready to Accept Computer Science as a Graduation Requirement?
Judson, E., & Glassmeyer, K. (2019) · Journal of Research on Technology in Education · doi:10.1080/15391523.2019.1624661 · Cited by 5
“Effect sizes were calculated as the probability of superiority for dependent pairs, PS dep , as the ratio of the number of positive difference scores (calculated as being in favor of mathematic versus science) as compared to total number of matched pairs (Grissom & Kim, 2012).”
Methodde la Rubia, J. M., & Torteya, D. G. (2018) · Revista Internacional de Psicología · doi:10.33670/18181023.v15i02.226 · Cited by 5
Gordon, T. C., Kemp, A. H., & Edwards, D. J. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080972 · Cited by 4
Toward Cost-Effective Adaptive Random Testing: An Approximate Nearest Neighbor Approach
Huang, R., Cui, C., Lian, J., Towey, D., Sun, W., & Chen, H. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering · doi:10.1109/tse.2024.3379592 · Cited by 5
Five New Nonparametric Estimators of Common Language Effect Size
Metsämuuronen, J. (2025) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220973.2025.2459411 · Cited by 5
“Cohen’s estimators are discussed in detail in Cohen’s classic volume related to effect sizes (Cohen, 1969, 1988), and numerous other estimators are presented in later publications (e.g., Grissom & Kim, 2012).”
Deep Learning-based Code Reviews: A Paradigm Shift or a Double-Edged Sword?
Tufano, R., Martin-Lopez, A., Tayeb, A. J., Dabić, O., Haiduc, S., & Bavota, G. (2025) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion) · doi:10.1109/icse55347.2025.00060 · Cited by 4
Modulation of neural activity in frontopolar cortex drives reward-based motor learning
Ruiz, M. H., Maudrich, T., Kalloch, B., Sammler, D., Kenville, R., Villringer, A., Sehm, B., & Nikulin, V. V. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98571-y · Cited by 5
On Effect Size Measures for Nested Measurement Models
Raykov, T., DiStefano, C., Calvocoressi, L., et al. (2022) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/00131644211066845 · Cited by 4
“Such quantification can be offered by suitably developed effect size measures (cf. Grissom & Kim, 2012) that focus on the practical importancerelated interpretability of the consequences of imposing the parameter restraints that produce two or more nested models under consideration.”
BackgroundAnderson, S. F. (2022) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-022-02043-8 · Cited by 4
“…sample variances on the variable of interest, 4 Although the notation d is used here, there is some ambiguity in the literature (Borenstein et al., 2009a; Grissom & Kim, 2012; Hedges & Olkin, 1985; Kelley & Rausch, 2006), partly a result of early work referring to the population parameter δ as d .”
Shieh, G. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0282161 · Cited by 5
Seeing the wood for the trees: predictive margins for random forests
Sönning, L., & Grafmiller, J. (2023) · Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory · doi:10.1515/cllt-2022-0083 · Cited by 6
Miller, L., & McGonigle‐Chalmers, M. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1977-6 · Cited by 4
Janousek, C. N., & Folger, C. L. (2017) · Wetlands Ecology and Management · doi:10.1007/s11273-017-9575-6 · Cited by 4
Parker, S., Jernigan, R. W., & Lansky, J. M. (2019) · British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bmsp.12162 · Cited by 4
Improved procedures and computer programs for equivalence assessment of correlation coefficients
Shieh, G. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252323 · Cited by 5
List Comprehension Versus for Loops Performance in Real Python Projects: Should we Care?
Zid, C., Belias, F., Penta, M. D., et al. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER) · doi:10.1109/saner60148.2024.00066 · Cited by 4
Sample Size Calculations for Precise Interval Estimation of the Eta-Squared Effect Size
Shieh, G. (2014) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220973.2014.907227 · Cited by 4
“E-mail: gwshieh@mail.nctu.edu.tw squared ε̂2, and omega-hat squared ω̂2, have been suggested in the literature (Grissom & Kim, 2012; Hays, 1994; Keppel, 1991; Kline, 2013; Maxwell & Delaney, 2004).”
Suárez‐Álvarez, J., Garcı́a-Cueto, E., Pedrosa, I., & Muñiz, J. (2015) · Actualidades en Psicología · doi:10.15517/ap.v29i119.18494 · Cited by 4
Pour Guess: The Effect of Glass Shape and an Ice Substitute on Alcohol Pouring and Estimation
Knibb, G., Jones, A., & Christiansen, P. (2018) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13767 · Cited by 4
“Effect sizes for nonparametric tests calculated according to Grissom and Kim (2012).”
MethodDoes gender matter? Exploring mental health recovery court legal and health outcomes
Kothari, C., Butkiewicz, R., Williams, E., Jacobson, C., Morse, D. S., & Cerulli, C. (2014) · Health & Justice · doi:10.1186/s40352-014-0012-0 · Cited by 4
Redding, C. A., Goldberg, D. N., Weber, K. M., Yin, H.-Q., Paiva, A. L., Burke-Miller, J. K., Cohen, M. H., & Rossi, J. S. (2019) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibz001 · Cited by 4
Null hypothesis significance testing in simulation
Hofmann, M. A. (2016) · Winter Simulation Conference · doi:10.1109/wsc.2016.7822118 · Cited by 4
Is Quantization a Deal-Breaker? Empirical Insights From Large Code Models
Afrin, S., Xu, B., & Mastropaolo, A. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM) · doi:10.1109/icsme64153.2025.00049 · Cited by 3
Psychological and physiological effects of sole contact with oil-finished wood
Ikei, H., Jo, H., & Miyazaki, Y. (2024) · Journal of Wood Science · doi:10.1186/s10086-024-02134-4 · Cited by 6
Mellenbergh, G. J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12272-0_13 · Cited by 3
Šnajdrová, T., Patrmanová, E., Jevič, F., Bořilová, K., Hrdoušková, M., & Musálek, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1071572 · Cited by 3
Risk-driven Online Testing and Test Case Diversity Analysis for ML-enabled Critical Systems
Adigun, J. G., Huck, T. P., Camilli, M., & Felderer, M. (2023) · Proceedings/Proceedings - International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering · doi:10.1109/issre59848.2023.00017 · Cited by 4
Noguchi, D., Kazui, H., & Yamanaka, K. (2023) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/psyg.13066 · Cited by 3
Prete, D., Tamburri, L. M., Rolston, N., et al. (2024) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-024-05090-1 · Cited by 3
RETRACTED: Effects of Therapy on Religious Men Who Have Unwanted Same-Sex Attraction
Santero, P., Whitehead, N. E., & Ballesteros, D. (2018) · The Linacre Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0024363918788559 · Cited by 5
RetractedRodgers, M. A., Meisel, Z. F., Wiebe, D. J., Crits-Christoph, P. F., & Rhodes, K. V. (2016) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260516662849 · Cited by 3
“Using the recommended nonparametric effect size Cliff’s d (Cliff, 1993; Grissom & Kim, 2012), an effect size of .60 was found for both of these baseline severity differences.”
MethodModulation of neural activity in frontopolar cortex drives reward-based motor learningPreprint
Ruiz, M. H., Maudrich, T., Kalloch, B., Sammler, D., Kenville, R., Villringer, A., Sehm, B., & Nikulin, V. V. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.05.05.077743 · Cited by 3
Hein, T. P., Gong, Z., Ivanova, M., Fedele, T., Nikulin, V. V., & Ruiz, M. H. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.05.24.493280 · Cited by 4
Bestimmung von Teststärke, Effektgröße und optimalem Stichprobenumfang
Döring, N. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-64762-2_14 · Cited by 3
Sanchis‐Segura, C., Wilcox, R. R., Cruz-Gómez, Á. J., Esbrí, S. F., Tirado, A. S., & Forn, C. (2023) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-023-00575-y · Cited by 2
“More-over, to add further perspective, we also calculated Cohen’s U3 [48, 49], another dominance effect size index that quantifies the percent of cases of group A that have scores larger than the median score of group B.”
BackgroundFumanal, A. L., Rubio, E. L., & Jiménez, S. Y. (2018) · Open Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.4236/jss.2018.612004 · Cited by 2
“For this reason, we quantified the extent of significant differences [39].”
BackgroundDeterministic Attributions of Behavior: Brain versus Genes
Peters, K. R., Kalinina, A., Downer, N. M., & Elswyk, A. V. (2021) · Neuroethics · doi:10.1007/s12152-021-09471-x · Cited by 2
Tutal, Ö. (2023) · i-manager’s Journal on Educational Psychology · doi:10.26634/jet.20.2.19878 · Cited by 3
Age-related differences in temporal binding and the influence of action body parts
Fujii, Y., Kuroda, N., Teraoka, R., Harada, S., & Teramoto, W. (2023) · i-Perception · doi:10.1177/20416695231208547 · Cited by 2
“The probability of superiority ( PS ; 0.5 < PS < 1.0) was calculated as an effect size index when available (Grissom & Kim, 2012).”
MethodInfluentialAn Automated Approach to Discovering Software Refactorings by Comparing Successive Versions
Liu, B., Liu, H., Niu, N., et al. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering · doi:10.1109/tse.2025.3534239 · Cited by 2
Which vehicle type is more responsive to traffic information provided on local roads?
Chang, J. S., Jeong, S., & Yang, W. (2025) · European Transport Research Review · doi:10.1186/s12544-025-00716-x · Cited by 2
Effect of endometriosis and adenomyosis on oocyte quality: an evaluation of 205,978 oocytes
Kahraman, S., Düzgüner, İ. N. B., & Sahin, Y. (2025) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2025.105234 · Cited by 4
Purwasih, D., Zakwandi, R., Wilujeng, İ., Wiyarsi, A., Matakupan, S. J., & Wiradika, I. N. I. (2025) · Education and Urban Society · doi:10.1177/00131245251361116 · Cited by 6
“Calculations using the N-gain scale only show an increase in the low category and the effect size value given is in the small category (Grissom & Kim, 2012; Hake, 1998).”
Dillbeck, M. C., & Cavanaugh, K. L. (2023) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59020195 · Cited by 2
Mobile telephone use effects on perception of verticality
Bamiou, D., Ćeranić, B., Vickers, D., et al. (2014) · Bioelectromagnetics · doi:10.1002/bem.21877 · Cited by 2
Exploring Evolutionary Search Strategies to Improve Applications’ Energy Efficiency
Manotas, I., Clause, J., & Pollock, L. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99241-9_15 · Cited by 2
Effect sizes for relationships between variables
Campbell, M. G. (2018) · African Journal of Midwifery and Women s Health · doi:10.12968/ajmw.2018.12.4.162 · Cited by 2
Analyzing journeys in sound: usability of graphical interpolators for sound design
Gibson, D., & Polfreman, R. (2020) · Personal and Ubiquitous Computing · doi:10.1007/s00779-020-01398-z · Cited by 2
Fortier, S., Kelly, L. P., & Basset, F. A. (2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.13832 · Cited by 2
“The standardized d statistic effect size was calculated using the t statistic ( Grissom & Kim, 2012 ; Kline, 2013 ) and their CI were constructed using the standard error, t -score, and df from the d statistic ( Kline, 2013 ).”
Examining gender effects in autistic written language skills: A small sample exploratory study
Price, J. R., Biebesheimer, E. C., & Chen, K. (2024) · Autism & Developmental Language Impairments · doi:10.1177/23969415241227071 · Cited by 2
“…( ϵ 2 ; King et al., 2018) was calculated to estimate the effect size of the Kruskal – Wallis test. ϵ 2 is in the r family of effect size measures and estimates the strength of association between two variables, ranging from 0 (no association) to 1 (perfect association) (Grissom & Kim, 2012).”
MethodEvaluation of Service and Treatment Outcomes
Beail, N. (2018) · doi:10.1002/9781118752982.ch12 · Cited by 2
Turan, M., & EMİR, Z. A. (2022) · EKEV Akademi Dergisi · doi:10.17753/sosekev.1131089 · Cited by 1
The Rubric for Scientific Writing
Wright, K. L., Hodges, T. S., Wenner, J. A., & McTigue, E. M. (2023) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-8262-9.ch007 · Cited by 1
Hähnlein, I. S., Luleich, C., Reiter, P., et al. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100640 · Cited by 1
Li, K., Li, T., Liu, Y., et al. (2025) · Phytopathology · doi:10.1094/phyto-05-25-0159-r · Cited by 1
Decoding brain structure-function dynamics in health and in psychosis via an autoencoder
Cai, Q., Thomas, H., Hyde, V., Laguna, P. A. L., McNabb, C. B., Singh, K. D., Jones, D. K., & Messaritaki, E. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-24232-z · Cited by 2
Sentiment-Driven Differential Engagement: Hyperpartisan Vs. Non-hyperpartisan Users on X
Mohammadinodooshan, A., & Carlsson, N. F. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-13821-7_10 · Cited by 1
“We further note that this definition of delta provides a “good control of Type I error even when there are many tied values, a situation that may be problematic for competing methods” [12].”
InfluentialOn Context Switching in Spectrum-Based Fault Localization
Aszmann, R., Soha, P. A., Balogh, G., Beszédes, Á., & Gyimóthy, T. (2026) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2026.3660018 · Cited by 1
Effect size for comparing two or more normal distributions based on maximal contrasts in outcomes
Ling, Y., & Nelson, P. I. (2014) · Statistical Methods & Applications · doi:10.1007/s10260-014-0254-y · Cited by 1
Validity and reliability of a novel measure of activity performance and participation
Murgatroyd, P., & Karimi, L. (2015) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2015.1041610 · Cited by 1
“[50,51] using the SD of the discharge scores [52].”
MethodMilner, R., Parrish, J., Wright, A., Gnarpe, J. A., & Keenan, L. (2015) · The journal of college science teaching · doi:10.2505/4/jcst15_045_02_86 · Cited by 1
Disruption of Boundary Encoding During Sensorimotor Sequence Learning: An MEG Study
Michail, G., Nikulin, V. V., Curio, G., Maeß, B., & Ruiz, M. H. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00240
“PSdep is an estimation of the probability (maximum 1) that in a randomly sampled pair of matched values (from same individual), the value from Condition B will be greater than the value from Condition A: PSdep = Pr (XiB > XiA).”
MethodInfluentialCalvera, D. E. O. (2020) · Revista Educación y Sociedad · doi:10.53940/reys.v1i2.55 · Cited by 1
Sprachstand vierjähriger monolingual deutscher Kinder
Zaretsky, E. V., van Minnen, S., Lange, B. P., & Hey, C. (2022) · Kindheit und Entwicklung · doi:10.1026/0942-5403/a000363 · Cited by 1
Cournoyer, A., Cavayas, Y. A., Albert, M., et al. (2022) · Prehospital Emergency Care · doi:10.1080/10903127.2022.2096160 · Cited by 1
Language-Specific Non-Words for the Assessment of Working Memory: Dealing With Bilingual Children
Zaretsky, E. V., & Lange, B. P. (2022) · Communication Disorders Quarterly · doi:10.1177/15257401221113064 · Cited by 3
“The effect size in all Mann–Whitney U tests was quantified with the probability of superiority index (p̂; Grissom & Kim, 2012).”
MethodFeingold, A. (2022) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705511.2022.2139702 · Cited by 1
“When effect sizes are expressed in a common metric, findings from studies using different designs can be compared and included together in research synthesis (Feingold, 2017; Grissom & Kim, 2012).”
BackgroundOTANTİK ÖĞRENMENİN ÖĞRENCİLERİN DERSE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARINA ETKİSİ: META-ANALİTİK BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Tutal, Ö. (2023) · Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.29029/busbed.1295078 · Cited by 1
Fox, M. T., Butler, J. I., Day, A. M. B., Durocher, E., Nowrouzi‐Kia, B., Sidani, S., Maimets, I., Dahlke, S., & Yamada, J. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0299289 · Cited by 1
Witte, E. H., & Ponocny, I. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1377336 · Cited by 2
A baropodometric analysis of postural therapy supported by immersive virtual reality
Moraes, Í. A., Palmeira, E. G. Q., Matsushita, R. Y., et al. (2024) · Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society · doi:10.5753/jbcs.2024.4657 · Cited by 1
“3 [Grissom and Kim, 2012].”
The Effect of Play Therapy on Anxiety and Life Skills in Children: A Meta-Analysis Study
Özmaya, E., & Demirel, Ö. Y. (2025) · Doğu Karadeniz Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.59312/ebshealth.1630104 · Cited by 1
Küresel Krizler Karşısında Sosyal Güvenlik Sistemlerinin Dayanıklılığı
Erçorumlu, M. (2025) · Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi · doi:10.32331/sgd.1699812 · Cited by 1
Hanč, J., Hančová, M., & Borovský, D. (2025) · Statistical Papers · doi:10.1007/s00362-025-01717-7 · Cited by 1
“There are various modifications of the formula depending on equal or unequal variances or types of considered random variables; see more in Grissom and Kim (2012).”
Randomized Designs: Nominal Data
Berry, K., Mielke, P., & Johnston, J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28770-6_7 · Cited by 1
On Detecting a Minimal Important Difference among Standardized Means
Shieh, G. (2016) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-016-9549-5 · Cited by 1
Benavides, V. (2017) · Open Collections · doi:10.14288/1.0349174 · Cited by 1
Nitzsche, N., Jürgens, S., & Schulz, H. (2019) · German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research · doi:10.1007/s12662-019-00587-0 · Cited by 1
Drinks Like a Fish: The Effects of Ethanol on Associative Learning in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Fort, T. D., Negley, J., & Mcewen, T. (2019) · International Journal of Comparative Psychology · doi:10.46867/ijcp.2019.32.00.04 · Cited by 1
“In addition to Tukey-HSD post-hoc comparisons, estimates of effect size were also generated by adapting Cohen’s d to evaluate the differences between cell medians (Grissom & Kim, 2011; Wuensch, 2012).”
MethodNoe: Norm Emergence and Robustness Based on Emotions in Multiagent Systems
Tzeng, S.-T., Ajmeri, N., & Singh, M. P. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-16617-4_5 · Cited by 2
“To test the statistical significance of H1, H2, and H3, we conduct the independent t-test and measure effect size with Glass’s ∆ for unrelated societies [13, 14].”
MethodBadenes‐Ribera, L., Navarro, M. D. F., Pascual‐Soler, M., Monterde-i-Bort, H., & Molina-Palomero, O. (2015) · RUA, Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante (Universidad de Alicante)
Hoshino, T., 寿夫, 吉., & 剛史, 山. (2014) · The Annual Report of Educational Psychology in Japan · doi:10.5926/arepj.53.232
Fuller, E. A. (2013) · Digital Commons (Liberty University)
Randomized Block Designs: Interval Data
Berry, K., Mielke, P., & Johnston, J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28770-6_9
Berry, K., Mielke, P., & Johnston, J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28770-6_2
Randomized Block Designs: Ordinal Data
Berry, K., Mielke, P., & Johnston, J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28770-6_10
Regression Analysis of Interval Data
Berry, K., Mielke, P., & Johnston, J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28770-6_4
Randomized Designs: Interval Data
Berry, K., Mielke, P., & Johnston, J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28770-6_3
Berry, K., Mielke, P., & Johnston, J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28770-6_8
Randomized Designs: Ordinal Data, II
Berry, K., Mielke, P., & Johnston, J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28770-6_6
A Response to Predictors of Heart Disease Knowledge Among Older and Younger Asian Indian Adults
Sattar, A. (2017) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-017-0614-4
The Correct Ways to Use Significance Tests
Sakai, T. (2018) · The Kluwer international series on information retrieval · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1199-4_5
PETRUSA, E. R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-26837-4_29
Sporn, S., Hein, T. P., & Ruiz, M. H. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/442772
Evidence for the Feedback Role of Performance Measurement SystemsPreprint
Anderson, S. W., & Kimball, A. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3175490
Metadata
- Authors
- Grissom, R. J., & Kim, J. J.
- Affiliations
- San Francisco State University (US)
- ORCID
- Kim, John J.
- Venue
- Routledge eBooks
- Publisher
- Routledge
- Published
- 2012-04-23
- OpenAlex
- W2892211387
- Cited by
- 470
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 12.17
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Routledge eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Keywords
- effect size, confidence intervals, standardized mean difference, correlation measures, associative strength, covariance analysis, multiple linear regression, multivariate analysis of variance, repeated measures, robust estimators, statistical assumptions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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