E-Learning in the 21st Century
Abstract
The second edition of E-Learning in the 21st Century provides a coherent, comprehensive, and empirically-based framework for understanding e-learning in higher education. Garrison draws on his decades of experience and extensive research in the field to explore the technological, pedagogical, and organizational implications of e-learning. Most importantly, he provides practical models that educators can use to realize the full potential of e-learning. This book is unique in that it focuses less on the long list of ever-evolving technologies and more on the search for an understanding of these technologies from an educational perspective. The second edition has been fully revised and updated throughout and includes discussions of social media and mobile learning applications as well as other emerging technologies in today’s classrooms. This book is an invaluable resource for courses on e-learning in higher education as well as for researchers, practitioners and senior administrators looking for guidance on how to successfully adopt e-learning in their institutions.
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The Community of Inquiry framework (CoI) is a socio-constructivist model that highlights the role of inquiry and the community of learners for deep learning, focusing on social, teaching, and cognitive presence.
“The Community of Inquiry framework (CoI) (Garrison, 2011), a socio-constructivist model, highlights the role of inquiry and the community of learners for deep learning, with a focus on elements of social-, teaching- and cognitive presence.”
From Collaborative Online Learning across Cultures: the Role of Teaching and Social Presence (2022) · cites this paper as Garrison, 2011
Characteristics of social presence, such as feelings of connectedness, openness, feeling real, and establishing trusting exchange, were influenced by different factors across the two groups.
“Characteristics of social presence, such as feelings of connectedness, openness, feeling 'real' and establishing trusting exchange (Garrison, 2011) were influenced by different factors across the two groups.”
From Collaborative Online Learning across Cultures: the Role of Teaching and Social Presence (2022) · cites this paper as Garrison, 2011
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Fabriz, S., Mendzheritskaya, J., & Stehle, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.733554 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
“…skills better when they are taught in a synchronous online setting (Nsa et al., 2012; Ogbonna et al., 2019), whereas cognitive achievement, such as producing meaningful and thoughtful contributions, is greater in asynchronous settings (Hrastinski, 2008; Garrison, 2011; Ogbonna et al., 2019).”
BackgroundHew, K. F., Huang, W., Du, J., & Jia, C. (2023) · Journal of Computing in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s12528-022-09338-x · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Online learner engagement: Conceptual definitions, research themes, and supportive practices
Martin, F., & Borup, J. (2022) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520.2022.2089147 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Synchronous versus asynchronous e-learning in teaching word processing: An experimental approach
Department of Computer and Robotics Education, U. O. N., Ogbonna, C. G., Ibezim, N. E., Department of Computer and Robotics Education, U. O. N., Obi, C. A., & Department of Business Education, U. O. N. (2019) · South African Journal of Education · doi:10.15700/saje.v39n2a1383 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“Garrison (2011) opines that the significance of e-learning lies in its ability to support communication and thinking, with the mission to create meaning and confirm knowledge.”
BackgroundAlarifi, B. N., & Song, S. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-023-02590-1 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Sun, J. C.-Y., Yu, S.-J., & Chao, C.-H. (2019) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2018.1527291 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Collaborative Online Learning across Cultures: the Role of Teaching and Social Presence
Grothaus, C. (2022) · Qualitative Research in Education · doi:10.17583/qre.10474 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Kurtz, G., Kopolovich, O., Segev, E., Sahar-Inbar, L., Gal, L., & HAmmer, R. (2022) · Electronic Journal of e-Learning · doi:10.34190/ejel.20.3.2376 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Hammer, S., & Berkel-Otto, L. (2019) · Open Education Studies · doi:10.1515/edu-2019-0018 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Garrison, D. R.
- Corresponding author
- Garrison, D. Randy
- ORCID
- Garrison, D. Randy
- Venue
- Routledge eBooks
- Publisher
- Routledge
- Published
- 2011-03-01
- OpenAlex
- W4251270234
- Cited by
- 549
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 29.97
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Routledge eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Online and Blended Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Educational Technology and E-Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Educational Technology in Learning
- Keywords
- online learning, higher education, educational technology, pedagogy, organizational implications, social media in education, mobile learning, emerging technologies, e-learning adoption
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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