From Redistribution to Recognition? Dilemmas of Justice in a “Postsocialist” Age

“Não é mudança gradual vs. mudança apocalíptica" (FRASER, 2008, p. 28, tradução minha).”

“Fraser (2000) explains that claims for the recognition have become the “paradigmatic form of political conflict” since the late 20th century (Fraser, 2008, p. 188).”

“Yet as recent studies of the basis for Trump’s electoral victory in the United States suggest (Mutz, 2018), economic hardship and insecurity can only be linked to xeno-racist reactions in a more mediated way that has much in common with the ‘backlash effects’ that scholars such as Nancy Fraser (1995) and Charles Hale…”

“…education policies brings empirical evidence to the extended debate in justice theories about the relation of redistribution and recognition (Fraser, 1995, 2005, 2008), the relation between multiculturalism and the welfare state (Keith and Kymlicka, 2006), and the injustices in terms of…”

“However, global tensions between policy and normative approaches that emphasized recognition (reallocations of respect) or redistribution (reallocations of existing goods; Fraser, 1997: 27) continued beyond Beijing ‘95 (Esquivel, 2013; Swiebel, 1999).”

“Summary This chapter has summarised the theoretical underpinnings of the study which draw upon recognition theory, particularly the writings of Nancy Fraser, and the theoretical constructs of social and cultural capital.”

“In “FromRedistribution toRecognition:Dilemmas of Justice in a ‘PostSocialist’ Age,” Nancy Fraser (1995) distinguishes between two categories of injustice: socioeconomic and cultural.”

“Nancy Fraser (1995), for example, insists that affirmative solutions that recognize rights or identity claims fail to transform underlying inequalities because they are predicated on subordination to the (for our purposes, intrinsically ageist) statutory framework.”

“(In)justice is interpreted as a socio‐economic issue and, therefore, deeply rooted in the political‐economic structure of society (Fraser 1995).”

“Race is better understood as a form of social domination simultaneously embedded in capitalism ’ s division of labour and in its institutionalised hierarchies of cultural prestige and devaluation (Fraser, 1995; 1997).”

“…cultural recognition displaces socioeconomic redistribution as the remedy for injustice and the goal of political struggle, with affirmative recognition remedies tending to promote existing group differentiations while transformative rec - ognition remedies tend to destabilize them (Fraser 2008).”

“According to Fraser ( 1995 ), affirmative remedies for injustice are those “aimed at correcting inequitable outcomes of social arrangements without disturbing the underlying framework that generates them,” whereas transformative remedies are “aimed at correcting inequitable outcomes precisely by…”

“In this, Fraser , N. (1995) argues for both redistribution and recognition to ensure justice prevails, drawing atten - tion to two types of injustice: socio-economic (such as economic marginalisation) and cultural (such as non-recognition and cultural domination).”

“While this type of solution “affirms” existing gender roles, it recognizes and seeks to support unpaid care and domestic work [13].”

“Hence, we follow Fraser (1995) here and hold on to the first-order distinction between redistribution and recognition.”

“Participation parity Fraser (1995, 1997, 2000, 2005) emphasises the importance of “participatory parity” within the broader framework of social justice (O’Sullivan, 2022, p. 10), with three main dimensions: economic equality, cultural and social equality, and political justice.”

“…particularly from materialist feminists such as Nancy Fraser and Martha Nussbaum, who argue that Butler’s emphasis on discourse and symbolism overlooks the material dimensions of gender oppression, such as poverty, domestic violence, and economic exploitation (N. Fraser, 1995; Nussbaum, 1999).”

“By convincing the working classes that they lack something essential to participate fully in social and political life, the feeling of inferiority is reinforced and, as a result, the motivation to participate is diminished (Fraser, 1995).”

“According to Fraser (1995)’s social justice theory, pure economic distribution of resources is not enough without recognising cultural differences and needs of the rural children whose interests should be represented in policy intentions and institutional capacity.”

“We agreed that we would approach diversity and equity from a social justice perspective, with attention for both redistribution and recognition, including mechanisms of inequality and inequity at a systemic level (Fraser, 1995).”

“Dominant climate policies legit-imized by the political economy of knowledge often sideline marginalized communities, limiting their access to both distributive and procedural justice (Fraser 1995, Jenkins et al 2016).”

“Nancy Fraser’s (2008) theory of redistribution versus recognition offers another compelling framework for understanding these limits of mere inclusion.”

“Building from feminist political theorist Fraser (1995), who distinguished between transformational and af fi rmative remedies to injustice, 1 a group of urban scholars studying Minnesota CLTs (DeFilippis et al. 2019) argued CLTs can contain both transformational and af fi rmative content.”

“Although the works of Charles Taylor (1994), Nancy Fraser (1995) and Axel Honneth (1995) are all associated with the Hegelian idea that “one becomes an individual subject only by virtue of recognising, and being recognised by, another subject” (Fraser, 2000, p. 109), our argument builds on…”

“Fraser (2008) described identity politics as a symbolic politics of recognition, which stands in opposition to a politics of redistribution.”

“The kinds of change we sought are consistent with what Nancy Fraser (1995: 82) calls transformative remedies for social injustice, which seek systemic changes, including the redistribution of linguistic power to eliminate domination.”

“Intentional engagement with different frameworks (for example, Equity Compass, Fraser's (1995) dilemma of difference and model of social justice) and pedagogical approaches (IPA, CRT) can offer structured guidance for thinking and addressing issues of exclusion, weak and strong inclusion.”

“The third module employs the framework of the feminist philosopher Nancy Fraser (2013): the “redistribution-recognition paradox.””

“We interpret this as the effects of what Fraser describes as nonrecognition : a part of misrecognition that works by rendering certain social groups and actors invisible through representational, communicative, and interpretative practices (Fraser, 1995, p. 13).”

“Over the past couple of decades, academic discourse and social movements have heavily relied on an identity-centric approach (e.g., Fraser, 1995; Monk, 2022; Mounk, 2023).”

“A sole focus on disparities along racial 1 , gender, and other group-based divides tends to emphasize symbolic recogni-tions (e.g., inclusion and representation) in a superficial and tokenized manner at the expense of dismantling material inequality and redistribution (Fraser, 1995).”

“Structural violence must be addressed not as a peripheral concern but as the central mechanism through which dehumanization is sustained (Fraser 1995, 2017; Fraser and Honneth 2009).”

“This point is obscured by the frequent practice of citing Taylor as the author or editor of the entire book, as does Johansson, cited above, and as does Fraser (1995, 71).”

“In Fraser’s recognition thesis (Fraser, 1997a, p. 283; see also Fraser, 1995, 1997b, 2017), she suggests ‘relations of recognition’ of an institutionalized pattern of interpretation and valuation.”

“In their writing, De Filippis et al. differentiate between “affirmative politics” (Fraser, 1995), in which previously excluded or disempowered people are brought into existing institutions, and “transformative politics,” which involve the four lenses above to generate a new, more collective…”

“…have long acknowledged that differences in priorities and objectives are driven by underlying economic interests and social inequalities (see Fraser 1995; Kymlicka and Banting 2006; Moran 2020), the acknowledgements of these differences as part of a broader holistic identity has had less…”

“What Nancy Fraser (1995, p. 70) identifies as ‘the redistribution-recognition dilemma’ in post-socialist feminist discourses similarly haunts reform China.”

“At its core, recognition theory emphasises the fundamental human desire to be acknowledged and valued as a distinct and respected group member (Fraser, 1995; Fraser & Honneth, 2003; Honneth, 1995; Taylor, 1994).”

“De esta manera, se representa la introducción del feminismo en el periodismo (y las producciones audiovisuales) como una contribución a formas de comunicación transformadora (Nancy Fraser, 1995).”

“According to Fraser (1995, 2010), redistribution as a theoretical tool focuses on the study of socio-economic injustice and class differences in each society, thus enabling the examination of the maldistribution of economic resources resulting in social inequality.”

“The frequently discussed equality/diversity debate previously outlined (cf. e.g. Fraser, 1995; Lister, 2007) has a following of social work practitioners on both sides.”

“He further substantiates this by referring to Fraser (2008), who argues that stigmatisation is a mode of “adding the insult of misrecognition to the injury of deprivation”(p. 55 ).”

“In an example of the complex interaction between learner characteristics, van Meijl (2020) references Fraser (1995) when stating that Māori ‘face the consequences of socioeconomic injus-tice, rooted in the colonial history of New Zealand during which they were largely dispossessed of their lands…”

“Affirmative approaches , according to Fraser (1995) aims to ameliorate the inequitable outcomes of social arrangements without challenging the underlying frameworks and structures underpinning these social arrangements, while transformative approaches disturb the frameworks and sedimented…”

“Liberal welfare states seek to redress socioeconomic injus-tice by expanding “the consumption share of economically disadvantaged groups” (Fraser 1995: 84).”

“For Fainstein (2010) and Fraser (1995a, 1997), distributional justice ought to https://foodsystemsjournal.org 4 Advance online publication be given the most weight, but Schlosberg (2007) argues that certain elements will assume greater salience in particular contexts or moments in history.”

“Nonetheless, this initiative highlights the transformative approaches by Government to restructure social systems (Fraser, 1995) to ensure that learners who, in the past, were not able to learn because they were hungry are fed on a daily basis.”

“…salient for workers in the tourism industry, who have historically been situated at the bottom of the socioeconomic hierarchy facing “institutionalized patterns of cultural value that constitute some actors as inferior, excluded, wholly other or simply invisible,” (Fraser, 1995, p. 70-71).”

“The events I will analyse, with their preparatory phases, their performativity (Turner 1988), their disruptive elements, and their post-phase can be considered as part of a general struggle for recognition (Fraser 1995).”

“10 In this sense, the concept of interdependence (Fraser, 2020) o ff ers a guide to advance in our analysis.”