Rethinking quasispecies theory: from fittest type to cooperative consortia
Open accessAbstract
Recent investigations surprisingly indicate that single RNA "stem-loops" operate solely by chemical laws that act without selective forces, and in contrast, self-ligated consortia of RNA stem-loops operate by biological selection. To understand consortial RNA selection, the concept of single quasi-species and its mutant spectra as drivers of RNA variation and evolution is rethought here. Instead, we evaluate the current RNA world scenario in which consortia of cooperating RNA stem-loops (not individuals) are the basic players. We thus redefine quasispecies as RNA quasispecies consortia (qs-c) and argue that it has essential behavioral motifs that are relevant to the inherent variation, evolution and diversity in biology. We propose that qs-c is an especially innovative force. We apply qs-c thinking to RNA stem-loops and evaluate how it yields altered bulges and loops in the stem-loop regions, not as errors, but as a natural capability to generate diversity. This basic competence-not error-opens a variety of combinatorial possibilities which may alter and create new biological interactions, identities and newly emerged self identity (immunity) functions. Thus RNA stem-loops typically operate as cooperative modules, like members of social groups. From such qs-c of stem-loop groups we can trace a variety of RNA secondary structures such as ribozymes, viroids, viruses, mobile genetic elements as abundant infection derived agents that provide the stem-loop societies of small and long non-coding RNAs.
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Ribozymes consisting of multiple cooperative oligomers could recombine fragments for similar effect.
“Ribozymes consisting of multiple cooperative oligomers could also ‘recombine’ fragments for similar effect [126,127].”
From The RNA world as a model system to study the origin of life (2015) · cites this paper as [127]
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Social Networking of Quasi-Species Consortia drive Virolution via Persistence
Villarreal, L. P., Witzany, G., & Telos-Philosophische Praxis, B. (2021) · AIMS Microbiology · doi:10.3934/microbiol.2021010 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationWitzany, G. (2017) · Communicative & Integrative Biology · doi:10.1080/19420889.2017.1297352 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationThe biocommunication method: On the road to an integrative biology
Witzany, G. (2016) · Communicative & Integrative Biology · doi:10.1080/19420889.2016.1164374 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationCellular and Natural Viral Engineering in Cognition-Based Evolution
Miller, W. B., Reber, A. S., Marshall, P., & Baluška, F. (2023) · Communicative & Integrative Biology · doi:10.1080/19420889.2023.2196145 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Cooperative Interaction Within RNA Virus Mutant Spectra
Shirogane, Y., Watanabe, S., & Yanagi, Y. (2015) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/82_2015_461 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dridi, M., Rosseel, T., Orton, R. J., Johnson, P., Lecollinet, S., Muylkens, B., Lambrecht, B., & Borm, S. V. (2015) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000231 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Nam, B., Mekuria, Z. H., Carossino, M., Li, G., Zheng, Y., Zhang, J., Cook, R. F., Shuck, K. M., Campos, J., Squires, E. L., et al. (2019) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00045-19 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
RNA Sociology: Group Behavioral Motifs of RNA Consortia
Witzany, G. (2014) · Life · doi:10.3390/life4040800 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationSelf-empowerment of life through RNA networks, cells and viruses
Villarreal, L. P., & Witzany, G. (2023) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.130300.1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationKey Levels of Biocommunication
Witzany, G. (2016) · WORLD SCIENTIFIC (EUROPE) eBooks · doi:10.1142/9781786340450_0002 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationEditorial: Genome Invading RNA Networks
Villarreal, L. P., & Witzany, G. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00581 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationWitzany, G. (2014) · International Journal of Signs and Semiotic Systems · doi:10.4018/ijsss.2014070101 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationSARS-CoV-2 and the Vaccination Hype
Sangaletti, P., Doe, J., Gatti, A. M., Arvay, C. G., Giuliani, L., & Lettner, H. (2022) · International Journal of Vaccine Theory Practice and Research · doi:10.56098/ijvtpr.v2i1.34 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Natural languages and RNA virus evolution
Ariza‐Mateos, A., Briones, C., Perales, C., Sobrino, F., Domingo, E., & Gómez, J. (2023) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp284415 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Landa, C. R., Ariza‐Mateos, A., Briones, C., Perales, C., Wagner, A., Domingo, E., & Gómez, J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-68760-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cooperation and selfishness both occur during molecular evolution
Penny, D. (2014) · Biology Direct · doi:10.1186/preaccept-1928027892140370 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Domingo, E., & Witzany, G. (2024) · Die Naturwissenschaften · doi:10.1007/s00114-024-01897-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationMadl, P., Arvay, C. G., Gatti, A. M., Giuliani, L., & Lettner, H. (2021) · Aerosol and Air Quality Research · doi:10.4209/aaqr.200438 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Introduction: Keylevels of Biocommunication of Ciliates
Witzany, G. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32211-7_1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationIntroduction: Keylevels of Biocommunication of Archaea
Witzany, G. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65536-9_1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationCrucial steps to life: From chemical reactions to code using agents
Witzany, U. (2016) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ribozyme Mutagenic Evolution: Mechanisms of Survival
Arenas, C. D., Ardaševa, A., Miller, J., Mikheyev, A. S., & Yokobayashi, Y. (2021) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/s11084-021-09617-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Collective Population Effects in Nonviral Systems
Domingo, E. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800837-9.00010-1
Bekerman, Z., & Zembylas, M. (2017) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-54937-2_1
Collective population effects in nonviral systems
Domingo, E. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816331-3.00010-6
Modeling the structure and evolution of cultural information as QuasispeciesPreprint
Stevenson, D. S. (2023) · doi:10.32388/s8vd03
Modeling the structure and evolution of cultural information as QuasispeciesPreprint
Stevenson, D. S. (2023) · doi:10.32388/s8vd03.2
Modelling the structure and evolution of cultural information as quasispecies
Stevenson, D. S. (2023) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105104
Role de la proteine PB1 dans la fidelite du complexe polymérase des virus influenza
Andrieux, F. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/427df26bze3b8z4ff0z911fz9e7c71a4567d
РНК и ДНК вирусы: двухфазный механизм коллективной адаптации и гетерогенностиPreprint
Orlov, S. (2026) · doi:10.24108/preprints-3115469
The Sources of Biological Variation: Natural Viral-Cellular Engineering in Cognition-Based Evolution
Miller, W. B., Baluška, F., Slijepčević, P., & Reber, A. S. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-23779-8_9
- Authors
- Villarreal, L. P., & Witzany, G.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Witzany, Guenther
- Venue
- World Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 79
- ISSN
- 1949-8454 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3856310
- OpenAlex
- W2127449395
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 0.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- World Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- 世界生物化学杂志：英文版（电子版）
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Keywords
- quasispecies theory, stem-loop RNA, RNA secondary structure, RNA world, ribozymes, viroids, mobile genetic elements, RNA evolution
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