Handbook of the Circular Economy
Abstract
In open-loop recycling, material is recycled from one product into another. Life cycle assessment quantifies the environmental impacts of a single product. This requires understanding to what extent the primary production, the recycling, and the waste management activities belong to or affect the two product systems involved: the product that provides the material for recycling or the product produced from recycled material. The challenge is to identify how much each of the products contribute to the environmental benefit of recycling, i.e., to the avoided primary production and waste management. We describe and review many of the available methods for modelling material recycling and conclude that results can be very sensitive to the method adopted. More research is required to decide what method is the most accurate. There is also a trade-off between feasibility and accurate representation of the consequences of recycling. This implies that different methods can be applicable depending on the importance of the material recycling.
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There is a lack of assessment studies of real industrial cases, and most of what can be found in literature is based on theoretical cases.
“Further, there is a lack of assessment studies of real industrial cases, and most of what can be found in literature is based on theoretical cases [41].”
From Is Prolonging the Lifetime of Passive Durable Products a Low-Hanging Fruit of a Circular Economy? A Multiple Case Study (2019) · cites this paper as [41]
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Sandhi, A., Gao, L., Rosenlund, J., & Landberg, T. (2023) · Environmental Advances · doi:10.1016/j.envadv.2023.100438 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ekvall, T., & Brandão, M.
- Affiliations
- London South Bank University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Tomas Ekvall
- Venue
- Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks
- Publisher
- Edward Elgar Publishing
- Published
- 2020-12-15
- OpenAlex
- W3114875168
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 28.37
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Research Open (London South Bank University) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Sustainable Supply Chain Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Sustainability and Ecological Systems Analysis
- Keywords
- circular economy, open-loop recycling, material recycling, life cycle assessment, environmental impact of recycling, waste management, primary production, method sensitivity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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