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Thinking about the Coding Process in Qualitative Data Analysis
Open accessAbstract
Coding is a ubiquitous part of the qualitative research process, but it is often under-considered in research methods training and literature. This article explores a number of questions about the coding process which are often raised by beginning researchers, in the light of the recommendations of methods textbooks and the factors which contribute to an answer to these questions. I argue for a conceptualisation of coding as a decision-making process, in which decisions about aspects of coding such as density, frequency, size of data pieces to be coded, are all made by individual researchers in line with their methodological background, their research design and research questions, and the practicalities of their study. This has implications for the way that coding is carried out by researchers at all stages of their careers, as it requires that coding decisions should be made in the context of an individual study, not once and for all.
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“As is often good practice when conducting qualitative research (Cresswell 2015; Elliott 2018), the data were coded inductively (i.e., not according to pre-determined themes) (Hsieh and Shannon 2005) in order to allow for the identification of key emergent concepts and themes within the dataset.”
Treneman‐Evans, G., Ali, B., Denison‐Day, J., Clegg, T., Yardley, L., Denford, S., & Essery, R. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19116731 · Cited by 5
Murfet, G. O., Lin, S., Ridd, J. C., Cremer, G. H., Davidson, S., & Muscat, D. M. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20105778 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Elliott, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Elliott, Victoria
- ORCID
- Elliott, Victoria
- Venue
- The Qualitative Report
- Publisher
- Nova Southeastern University
- Published
- 2018-11-24
- ISSN
- 1052-0147 (ISSN-L)
- 2160-3715
- OpenAlex
- W2902680660
- Cited by
- 746
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 136 · 2022: 113 · 2021: 126 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 186.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- The Qualitative Report (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Data Analysis and Archiving
- Keywords
- qualitative data analysis, coding process, research design, research questions, research training
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