Effectiveness of a Tailored Intervention for Women With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and ADHD Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Study
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: Women with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ADHD symptoms may experience difficulty carrying out desired life roles and activities. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a 7-wk tailored occupation-based intervention can reduce perceived stress and ADHD symptoms and enhance perceived performance of and satisfaction with daily roles and activities among women with ADHD. DESIGN: Randomization to intervention (n = 11) and control (n = 12) groups. SETTING: Home and community. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-three participants ages 20-55 yr, English speaking, and with a self-reported diagnosis of ADHD. INTERVENTION: The intervention was administered for 7 wk in individual 1-hr sessions and addressed routine establishment, organization, time management, stress management, and sensory regulation in the home and community. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. RESULTS: At 1-wk postintervention, statistically significant differences were found between intervention and control groups in perceived stress (Z = -3.838, p < .000, d = -2.66), ADHD symptoms (Z = -3.605, p < .000, d = -2.17), and COPM Performance (Z = -4.074, p < .000, d = 3.04) and Satisfaction change scores (Z = -3.759, p < .000, d = 2.82). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: A 7-wk tailored intervention reduced perceived stress and ADHD symptoms and enhanced perceived performance of and satisfaction with desired occupational roles and activities in a sample of women with ADHD. Further research is warranted to determine whether the intervention can be useful to women with ADHD beyond the present sample. WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS: This intervention may offer an effective nonpharmacological option for women with ADHD symptoms.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The only female-specific intervention known to the authors was designed by Gutman et al.
“So far, the only female-specific intervention known to us was designed by Gutman et al. [86].”
From A Female-Specific Treatment Group for ADHD—Description of the Programme and Qualitative Analysis of First Experiences (2024) · cites this paper as [86]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
A Global Measure of Perceived Stress
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136404 · Cited by 32,807 · see citing works
Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice,
(2002) · Survey of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(02)00362-4 · Cited by 9,485 · see citing works
KESSLER, R. C., ADLER, L., AMES, M., DEMLER, O., FARAONE, S., HIRIPI, E., HOWES, M. J., JIN, R., SECNIK, K., SPENCER, T., et al. (2005) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291704002892 · Cited by 3,452 · see citing works
Dhamu Kp Ramamoorthy, K. (2016) · Cited by 2,952 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Adler, L. A., Gruber, M. J., Sarawate, C. A., Spencer, T. J., & Brunt, D. L. V. (2007) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.208 · Cited by 847 · see citing works
Collaborators, O. B. O. T. W. W. M. H. S., Fayyad, J., Sampson, N. A., Hwang, I., Adamowski, T., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., Andrade, L. H. S. G., Borges, G., de Girolamo, G., et al. (2017) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-016-0208-3 · Cited by 824 · see citing works
Walsh, M. W., Srinathan, S., McAuley, D. F., Mrkobrada, M., Levine, O. H., Ribic, C. M., Molnar, A. O., Dattani, N. D., Burke, A., Guyatt, G. H., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.10.019 · Cited by 774 · see citing works
Canadian Occupational Performance Measure
Law, M., Baptiste, S., Carswell, A., McColl, M. A., Polatajko, H. J., & Pollock, N. (2005) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t71986-000 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Reliability and validity of the Canadian Occupat189ional Performance Measure in stroke patients
Cup, E. H. C., Reimer, W. J. M. S. O., Thijssen, M., & van Kuyk-Minis, M. A. H. (2003) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215503cr635oa · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Validity of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: a client-centred outcome measurement
Dedding, C. W. M., Cardol, M., Eyssen, I. C. J. M., & Beelen, A. (2004) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215504cr746oa · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Pilot Testing of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: Clinical and Measurement Issues
Law, M., Polatajko, H. J., Pollock, N., McColl, M. A., Carswell, A., & Baptiste, S. (1994) · Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/000841749406100403 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Hechtman, L., Swanson, J. M., Sibley, M. H., Stehli, A., Owens, E. B., Mitchell, J. T., Arnold, L. E., Molina, B. S. G., Hinshaw, S. P., Jensen, P. S., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.07.774 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure
Pollock, N., McColl, M. A., & Carswell, A. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-10171-7.50017-1 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Ginsberg, Y., Quintero, J., Anand, E., Casillas, M., & Upadhyaya, H. P. (2014) · The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders · doi:10.4088/pcc.13r01600 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Quinn, P. O., & Madhoo, M. (2014) · The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders · doi:10.4088/pcc.13r01596 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Fredriksen, M., Dahl, A. A., Martinsen, E. W., Klungsøyr, O., Faraone, S. V., & Peleikis, D. E. (2014) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-014-0126-1 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Philipsen, A., Jans, T., Graf, E., Matthies, S., Borel, P., Colla, M., Gentschow, L., Langner, D., Jacob, C., Groß-Lesch, S., et al. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.2146 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Zeliger, H. I. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-081551589-0.50022-2 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of adults with ADHD: A meta-review
De Crescenzo, F., Cortese, S., Adamo, N., & Janiri, L. (2017) · Evidence Based Mental Health · doi:10.1136/eb-2016-102415 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
The reproducibility of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure
Eyssen, I. C. J. M., Beelen, A., Dedding, C. W. M., Cardol, M., & Dekker, J. (2005) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215505cr883oa · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Fuller‐Thomson, E., Lewis, D. A., & Agbeyaka, S. K. (2016) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.12380 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Cortese, S., Faraone, S. V., Bernardi, S., Wang, S., & Blanco, C. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.14m09630 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Executive Functions and Quality of Life in Adults With ADHD
Stern, A., Pollak, Y., Bonne, O. B., Malik, E., & Maeir, A. (2013) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054713504133 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Voort, J. L. V., He, J.-P., Jameson, N. D., & Merikangas, K. R. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.03.005 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Exploring the Gender Gap in Referrals for Children With ADHD and Other Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Coles, E. K., Slavec, J., Bernstein, M., & Baroni, E. M. (2010) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054710381481 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Memantine in the Treatment of Executive Function Deficits in Adults With ADHD
Biederman, J., Fried, R., Tarko, L., Surman, C. B. H., Spencer, T., Pope, A., Grossman, R. A., McDermott, K., Woodworth, K., & Faraone, S. (2017) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054714538656 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Cognitive assistive technology and professional support in everyday life for adults with ADHD
Lindstedt, H., & Umb‐Carlsson, Õ. (2013) · Disability and Rehabilitation Assistive Technology · doi:10.3109/17483107.2013.769120 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The Efficacy of Computerized Cognitive Training in Adults With ADHD
Stern, A., Malik, E., Pollak, Y., Bonne, O., & Maeir, A. (2016) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054714529815 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Jaconis, M., Boyd, S. J., Hartung, C. M., McCrea, S. M., Lefler, E. K., & Canu, W. H. (2016) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-016-0200-y · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Gutman, S. A., & Szczepanski, M. (2005) · Occupational Therapy in Mental Health · doi:10.1300/j004v21n02_02 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- JCP.14m09630 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Female-specific pharmacotherapy in ADHD: Premenstrual adjustment of psychostimulant dosage
de Jong, M., Wynchank, D. S. M. R., van Andel, E., Beekman, A. T. F., & Kooij, J. J. S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1306194 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
de Jong, M., Wynchank, D. S. M. R., Michielsen, M., Beekman, A. T. F., & Kooij, J. J. S. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13072106 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gutman, S. A., Balasubramanian, S., Herzog, M., Kim, E., Swirnow, H., Retig, Y., & Wolff, S.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gutman, Sharon A.
- Venue
- American Journal of Occupational Therapy
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2019-10-22
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 74-85
- ISSN
- 0272-9490 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-7676
- PMC
- PMC7018471
- OpenAlex
- W2998039387
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 0.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Occupational Therapy (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Therapy Practice and Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, women with ADHD, occupational therapy intervention, personalized interventions, perceived stress, ADHD symptoms, occupational performance, job satisfaction, time management, sensory regulation, stress management, non-pharmacological treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Canada, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Research Design, Young Adult, Self Report
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
