Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder casts a long shadow: Findings from a population-based study of adult women with self-reported ADHD
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To develop a sociodemographic and health profile of women with self-reported attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in comparison to women without. METHODS: Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were conducted on data from the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (2012) comparing 107 women aged 20 to 39 years (inclusive) with ADHD to 3801 without ADHD. Depression, generalized anxiety disorder and substance abuse were measured using the WHO-CIDI. RESULTS: Women with ADHD had triple the prevalence of insomnia, chronic pain, suicidal ideation, childhood sexual abuse and generalized anxiety disorder and double the prevalence of substance abuse, current smoking, depressive disorders, severe poverty and childhood physical abuse in comparison with women without ADHD (all P < 0.001). Even after adjustments for age, race, education and income, women with ADHD had substantially higher odds of a wide range of problems. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that women with ADHD are particularly vulnerable to early adversities, health and mental health problems.
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Part of the disparity between the study's chronic pain prevalence and the Canadian survey can probably be explained by methodological differences.
“Part of the disparity can probably be explained by methodological differences.”
From <p>Chronic Pain And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Women With Autism And/Or ADHD: A Prospective Longitudinal Study</p> (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
The prevalence of chronic pain in the study (76.6%) was considerably higher than that found in the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey - Mental Health (28.0%).
“The prevalence of chronic pain in women previously diagnosed with ASD and/or ADHD in our study (76.6%) was considerably higher than that found in the large, nationally representative 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey – Mental Health (28.0%).22”
From <p>Chronic Pain And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Women With Autism And/Or ADHD: A Prospective Longitudinal Study</p> (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
There is a dire need for female-specific treatment options for ADHD expressed by many, including patients.
“We developed this female-specific treatment option in response to the dire need expressed by many [1,17,19,23,24,25,26,28,41,55,85], including patients.”
From A Female-Specific Treatment Group for ADHD—Description of the Programme and Qualitative Analysis of First Experiences (2024) · cites this paper as [28]
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Uygur, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1528979 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sleep Structure in Untreated Adults With ADHD: A Retrospective Study
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Understanding the Religion, Mental, and Social Health Relationship
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Erdal, K., Adami, G., Gelléri, P., & Dettmers, J. (2025) · International Journal of Educational Research Open · doi:10.1016/j.ijedro.2025.100497 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Brooks, J. M., Guilfoyle, J. L., Alfonso, D., Oh, A., Nili, A. N., Frick, L. A., Resch, Z. J., Soble, J. R., & Ulrich, D. M. (2024) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547231219000 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wallin, K., Lundell, I. W., Alehagen, S., Hanberger, L., & Hultsjö, S. (2024) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-024-03001-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Anxiety symptoms are distinctly related to working memory deficits in adults with ADHD
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Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0005
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Levin, J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.002.0007
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Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias
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Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0020
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Disease Prevention, Detection, and Treatment
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Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0019
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Personality Traits and Disorders
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Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses
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Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0013
Koh, H. K. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.002.0006
- Authors
- Fuller‐Thomson, E., Lewis, D. A., & Agbeyaka, S. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Fuller‐Thomson, E.
- Venue
- Child Care Health and Development
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-07-20
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 918-927
- ISSN
- 0305-1862 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2214
- OpenAlex
- W2494516871
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 4.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Child Care Health and Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Sandra Rotman Endowed Chair
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, women, psychiatric comorbidity, insomnia, chronic pain, suicidal ideation, child sexual abuse, child physical abuse, generalized anxiety disorder, substance abuse, depression, poverty, smoking, health disparities
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Mental Disorders, Canada, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behavior, Exercise, Spirituality, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Young Adult, Self Report, Suicidal Ideation
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