Conceptualizations of the Moon

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

An even more symbolical depiction is the wedjat-eye alone on a crescent moon.

“An even more symbolical depiction is the wedjat-eye alone on a crescent moon.”

May combine two claims.

Other less frequent zoomorphic representations of the moon are the ibis and baboon, both often associated with the god Thoth, to whom these animals were sacred; the syncretism between Thoth and the god Iah starts only in the 18th Dynasty.

“Other less frequent zoomorphic representations of the moon are the ibis and baboon, both often associated with the god Thoth, to whom these animals were sacred; the syncretism between Thoth and the god Iah starts only in the 18 th”

May combine two claims.

The natural association of the moon with the nocturnal period and darkness is mostly linked with its positive quality as a radiant light-bringer, a concept that is particularly frequent in the texts, starting in the Middle Kingdom and becoming predominant in the New Kingdom.

“The natural association of the moon with the nocturnal period and darkness is mostly linked with its positive quality as a radiant light-bringer, a concept that is particularly frequent in the texts, starting in the Middle Kingdom and becoming predominant in the New Kingdom ( García Fernández 2017b”

• cites García Fernández 2017bNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The correct timing of the moon's appearance and the absence of irregularity were emphasized in Egyptian texts.

“Therefore, the correct timing of the moon's appearance and the absence of irregularity were emphasized (e.g., Chassinat 1928: 208, 1.3; Altmann-Wendling 2018: 923-929, 958-961).”

• cites Chassinat 1928Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Altmann-Wendling 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The moon is associated with the cardinal direction East, which typically marks the place where celestial bodies rise, and is especially associated with the simultaneous setting of the sun at full moon, since the two brightest celestial bodies show up (almost) exactly opposite each other in the sky at this time.

“The moon is associated with the cardinal direction East, which typically marks the place where celestial bodies rise, and is especially associated with the simultaneous setting of the sun at full moon, since the two brightest celestial bodies show up (almost) exactly opposite each other in the sky at this time.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

In the temple of Edfu the moon is associated with the (injured) leg of Osiris, from which the moon had come out.

“In the temple of Edfu the moon is associated with the (injured) leg of Osiris, from which the moon had come out.”

May combine two claims.

A crescent moon is also attested as a representation in a limited number of cases since the New Kingdom and always refers to a specific lunar phase (first and last crescent).

“A crescent moon is also attested as a representation in a limited number of cases since the New Kingdom and always refers to a specific lunar phase (first and last crescent) (Altmann-Wendling 2018: 702-703).”

• cites Altmann-Wendling 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Occasionally Osiris is described as being in the eye of the moon, and a child is depicted in the pupil of the wedjat-eye in a lunar scene in Dendera.

“Occasionally Osiris is described as being in the eye of the moon, and a child is depicted in the pupil of the wedjat-eye in a lunar scene in Dendera (fig.4) (Cauville 2012: pls. 24-26).”

• cites Cauville 2012Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The moon god Iah is similarly featured with a human body with a moon disk and crescent on his head, although this representation is much rarer than that of the lunar disk; rather, this form reflects associations with other lunar gods (Khonsu, Thoth, Min, Osiris).

“The moon god Iah is similarly featured with a human body with a moon disk and crescent on his head, although this representation is much rarer than that of the lunar disk; rather, this form reflects associations with other lunar gods (Khonsu, Thoth, Min, Osiris) (Altmann-Wendling 2018: 706-707).”

• cites Altmann-Wendling 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Unlike humans, the divine moon could control aging and even youth itself, which was a desirable quality in a culture that sought to counter death and decay with elaborate rites.

“Unlike humans, however, the divine moon could control aging and even youth itself, which was a desirable quality in a culture that sought to counter death and decay with elaborate rites.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The moon rises in the East and sets in the West like every celestial body, caused by the rotation of the earth around its axis.

“The moon rises in the East and sets in the West like every celestial body, caused by the rotation of the earth around its axis.”

May combine two claims.

The most important sources for understanding the moon in ancient Egypt are texts with discourses on the moon and related representations from temples, with Ptolemaic and Roman Period sources predominating.

“mong the most important sources of information for our understanding of the moon as it was regarded in ancient Egypt are texts with discourses on the moon and (related) representations from temples, of which those from the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods (c.300 BCE -300 CE) predominate.”

May combine two claims.

Thus anthropomorphized, these deities could be addressed and worshipped directly and therefore mastered in a cultic way by man.

“Thus anthropomorphized, these deities could be addressed and worshipped directly and therefore mastered in a cultic way by man (Guglielmi 1974(Guglielmi , 1991;;Baines 1985: 19-30).”

• cites Guglielmi 1974Not matched

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• cites Guglielmi 1991Not matched

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• cites Baines 1985Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The moon rises on average 50 minutes later each day, its movement in front of the fixed stars being clearly perceptible.

“The moon rises on average 50 minutes later each day, its movement in front of the fixed stars being clearly perceptible.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

According to another variant of the myth, the moon originates from the ejaculate of Horus, which is ingested by Seth and emerges from his head in the form of a golden disk.

“According to another variant of the myth, the moon originates from the ejaculate of Horus, which is ingested by Seth and emerges from his head in the form of a golden disk (Servajean 2004).”

• cites Servajean 2004Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The bull played an important role for the agro-pastoralist Egyptians and could personify gods and the pharaoh.

“The bull played an important role for the agro-pastoralist Egyptians and could personify gods and the pharaoh (Galán 1994: 96).”

• cites Galán 1994 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

The distribution of the sources is due, on the one hand, to their preservation and, on the other, to the tendency in Ptolemaic and Roman times for temple texts to become ever more detailed and occupy virtually all available space on temple walls and ceilings.

“The distribution of the sources is, on the one hand, due to their preservation (the more recent papyri being the best preserved) and, on the other, to the tendency in Ptolemaic and Roman times for temple texts to become ever more detailed-sometimes downright encyclopedic-occupying virtually all available space on temple walls and ceilings, and written in smaller and more tightly set hieroglyphs”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Socio-political conceptualizations of the moon concern the reign of the pharaoh, the measuring and conception of time, and the maintenance of the cosmos (maat).

“those that have a socio-political background, concerning the reign of the pharaoh, the measuring and conception of time, and the maintenance of the cosmos (maat) as a whole.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Metaphors transfer the characteristics of one thing (source domain) to another (target domain), based on aspects common to both entities; usually not all characteristics are transferred, nor is the relationship necessarily reciprocal.

“Metaphors transfer the characteristics of one thing (= source domain) to another (= target domain), based on aspects common to both entities; usually not all characteristics are transferred, nor is the relationship necessarily reciprocal.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Particularly at full moon, the earth's satellite outshines most stars and planets both factually and figuratively.

“Particularly at full moon, the earth's satellite outshines most stars and planets both factually and figuratively.”

May combine two claims.

The moon is visually and textually represented with striking frequency on ceilings and door lintels on the north side of temples, and this, combined with the assignment of the north to the night, illustrates the Egyptian perception of the temple as a cosmos.

“That the moon is visually and textually represented with striking frequency on ceilings and door lintels on the north side of temples, combined with the assignment of the north to the night, illustrates the Egyptian perception of the temple as a cosmos.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Both lunar and solar eclipses can occur only twice a year; lunar eclipses are more frequently visible on earth than solar eclipses.

“Both lunar and solar eclipses can occur only twice a year; lunar eclipses are more frequently visible on earth than solar eclipses.”

May combine two claims.

The frequent mention of the moon's rise in the West in Egyptian texts makes clear how fervently the moon's reappearance after the invisibility phase was longed for-probably since the dark, moonless nights had ended, and probably also due to the implicit affirmation that the moon was not gone forever and the world was continuing on its correct course.

“The frequent mention of this in Egyptian texts (e.g., Clère 1961: pls.13, 17; and see Altmann-Wendling 2018: 897-902) makes clear how fervently the moon's reappearance after the invisibility phase was longed for-probably since the dark, moonless nights had ended, and probably also due to the implicit affirmation that the moon was not gone forever and the world was continuing on its correct course.”

• cites Clère 1961Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Altmann-Wendling 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Among the textual conceptualizations stands out the description of the moon as a bull, perhaps founded in the similarity of the bent horns and the crescent moon, as shown in Figure 5, one of the (infrequent) depictions.

“Among the former stands out the description of the moon as a bull, perhaps founded in the similarity of the bent horns and the crescent moon, as shown in Figure 5, one of the (infrequent) depictions.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

In ancient Egypt natural phenomena were typically personified by deities represented in human form, some examples being the Nile flood represented by the god Hapi, the star Sirius marking the New Year as the goddess Sothis, and the three Egyptian seasons.

“In ancient Egypt natural phenomena were typically personified by deities represented in human form, some examples being the Nile flood represented by the god Hapi, the star Sirius marking the New Year as the goddess Sothis, and the three Egyptian seasons (Baines 1985;Rickert 2020).”

• cites Baines 1985Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Rickert 2020 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Lunar eclipses occur when the sun, moon, and earth are in a plane and the full moon passes through the earth's shadow; the moon does not become invisible but appears reddish due to the refraction of sunlight by the earth's atmosphere.

“Lunar eclipses occur when the sun, moon, and earth are in a plane and the (full) moon passes through the earth's shadow; the moon does not become invisible but appears reddish due to the refraction of sunlight by the earth's atmosphere.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Due to its proper motion around the earth, the moon moves in the sky from west to east relative to the fixed stars, about 13 degrees every day.

“Additionally, due to its proper motion around the earth, it moves in the sky from west to east relative to the fixed stars, about 13 degrees every day.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Generally, more concrete, physical, and well-known things like creatures, body parts, or interactions with the environment explain more abstract and elusive concepts.

“Generally, more concrete, physical, and well-known things like creatures, body parts, or interactions with the environment explain more abstract and elusive concepts.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Due to Egypt's rather southerly latitude, the moon appears there as a horizontal (i.e., lying) rather than vertical crescent.

“Due to Egypt's rather southerly latitude, the moon appears there as a horizontal (i.e., lying) rather than vertical crescent.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

This concept reflects the structure of the Egyptian social and administrative system, in which the state leadership and civil service had a strictly hierarchical and effective system of command and executive power.

“This concept reflects the structure of the Egyptian social and administrative system, in which the state leadership and civil service had a strictly hierarchical and effective system of command and executive power.”

May combine two claims.

The crescent and wedjat-eye each provide a clear differentiation from the sun, which from the Amarna Period onward was represented as a venerated object and invoked in the form of a disk.

“The crescent and wedjat-eye each provide a clear differentiation from the sun, which from the Amarna Period onward was represented as a venerated object and invoked in the form of a disk (Redford 1984: 170-181).”

• cites Redford 1984Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The rising of the moon is a particularly imposing spectacle on the horizon, and one that makes the earth's satellite appear larger and consequently closer by optical illusion.

“The rising of the moon is a particularly imposing spectacle on the horizon, and one that makes the earth's satellite appear larger and consequently closer by optical illusion.”

May combine two claims.

In the texts, the moon controls, in addition to the units of the lunar month, all time units such as hour, day, and year, although the latter are rather measured by the sun and not the moon.

“In the texts, the moon controls, in addition to the units of the lunar month, all time units such as hour, day, and year, although the latter are rather measured by the sun and not the moon (e.g., Davies 1953: pl.31; Altmann-Wendling 2018: 923-929).”

• cites Davies 1953Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Altmann-Wendling 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

In a rather rare mytheme, the arm of Thoth is restituted as the moon; here probably the form as well as the color of the (black and) white plumage of the ibis acts as tertium comparationis.

“In a rather rare mytheme, the arm of Thoth is restituted as the moon; here probably the form as well as the color of the (black and) white plumage of the ibis acts as tertium comparationis (the point in common in which two different objects or states of affairs coincide) (Quack 1996;Stadler 2009: 331-333).”

• cites Quack 1996Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Stadler 2009Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Our understanding of the moon as it was regarded in ancient Egypt from the Old Kingdom to the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods is based mostly on texts and images from temples, but also on stelae, coffins, and papyri.

“Our understanding of the moon as it was regarded in ancient Egypt from the Old Kingdom to the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods is based mostly on texts and images from temples, but also on stelae, coffins, and papyri.”

May combine two claims.

Papyrus manuscripts dating mainly from the Roman Period are informative; they are almost entirely funerary, the moon being referenced there in connection with Osiris, the god of the dead.

“In addition, papyrus manuscripts dating mainly from the Roman Period are informative; they are almost entirely funerary, the moon being referenced there in connection with Osiris, the god of the dead.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

These temples are mainly located along the Nile Valley, as far north as Athribis and as far south as Philae, but are also represented in the oases (Bahria, Dakhla, and Kharga) and Nubia (Soleb and Abu Simbel).

“These temples are mainly located along the Nile Valley, as far north as Athribis and as far south as Philae, but are also represented in the oases (Bahria, Dakhla, and Kharga) and Nubia (Soleb and Abu Simbel).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The underlying concept of a term used as a metaphor further dictated how the object was referred to.

“The underlying concept of a term used as a metaphor further dictated how the object was referred to.”

May combine two claims.

While other natural phenomena in ancient Egypt were mostly deified in an anthropomorphic way, the moon appears in ritual scenes as an actual celestial body from the New Kingdom onward and bears the same name as the moon god, Iah.

“While other natural phenomena in ancient Egypt were mostly deified in an anthropomorphic way, the moon appears in ritual scenes as an actual celestial body from the New Kingdom onward and bears the same name as the moon god, Iah (Altmann-Wendling 2018: 699-706).”

• cites Altmann-Wendling 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Solar eclipses take place when the new moon is positioned exactly between the earth and the sun, thus covering the latter.

“Solar eclipses take place when the (new) moon is positioned exactly between the earth and the sun, thus covering the latter.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

In addition to its daily orbit across the firmament, which resembles that of the sun and stars, the moon performs a proper motion based on its rotation around the earth, a feature that makes it unique.

“In addition to its daily orbit across the firmament, which resembles that of the sun and stars, the moon performs a proper motion based on its rotation around the earth, a feature that makes it unique.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Although the moon's luminosity is 400,000 times less than that of the sun, a night sky is 250 times brighter by virtue of a full moon.

“Although the moon's luminosity is 400,000 times less than that of the sun, a night sky is 250 times brighter by virtue of a full moon.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

According to Conceptual Metaphor Theory, metaphorical attributions designated not only rhetorical figures, but also concepts, understood as organizational units of world knowledge.

“According to Conceptual Metaphor Theory, which derives from the field of cognitive linguistics, these attributions designated not only rhetorical figures, but also concepts, understood as organizational units of world knowledge (Lakoff and Johnson 1980;Lakoff 2006;Croft and Cruse 2004: 193-221).”

• cites Lakoff and Johnson 1980Not matched

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• cites Lakoff 2006Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Croft and Cruse 2004 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The average lunar cycle (lunation) is 29.5 days and its most important stages are new moon, first crescent visibility, waxing half moon, full moon, waning half moon, and last crescent visibility.

“The most important stages of the average 29.5-day lunar cycle (lunation) are as follows: 1) new moon, characterized by complete invisibility, occurring on the first lunar-month day (LMD 1); 2) first crescent visibility/new light, indicated by the first appearance of the crescent moon on the western horizon shortly after sunset (LMD 2/3); 3) waxing half moon (LMD 7/8); 4) full moon, which rises”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

A prominent aspect of the moon is its clearly visible movement, not only within one night, but also in a monthly framework.

“A prominent aspect of the moon is its clearly visible movement, not only within one night, but also in a monthly framework.”

May combine two claims.

This role as deputy is particularly true with respect to the full moon, which appears from earth in approximately the same size and orbit as the sun, and which likewise has the ability to illuminate the earth.

“This is particularly true with respect to the full moon, which appears from earth in approximately the same size and orbit as the sun, and which likewise has the ability to illuminate the earth.”

May combine two claims.

The perpetual cycle of life would account for the moon's mention in funerary texts since the Old Kingdom and the identification of the deceased with the moon since the Middle Kingdom.

“Indeed this perpetual cycle of life would account for the moon's mention in funerary texts since the Old Kingdom and the identification of the deceased with the moon since the Middle Kingdom (García Fernández 2017b: 222-223).”

• cites García Fernández 2017bNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The metaphor of the moon as a child is mostly applicable to the first crescent after invisibility, because this reappearance is also understood as the birth of the moon.

“The metaphor is mostly applicable to the first crescent after invisibility, because this reappearance is also understood as the birth of the moon.”

May combine two claims.

The moon takes on anthropomorphic forms (man, child, eye, leg, arm) and zoomorphic forms (bull, ibis, baboon) in ancient Egyptian conceptualizations.

“those in which the moon takes on anthropomorphic (man, child, eye, leg, arm) and zoomorphic (bull, ibis, baboon) forms”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Since the moon was sometimes designated as a child, its parents, birth, growing up, and aging could also be thematized.

“Since the moon, for example, was sometimes designated as a child, its parents, birth, growing up, and aging could also be thematized.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Since the moon is 400 times closer to the earth than it is to the sun, but is also 400 times smaller than the earth, both celestial bodies appear around the same size in the sky.

“Since the moon is 400 times closer to the earth than it is to the sun, but is also 400 times smaller than the earth, both celestial bodies appear around the same size in the sky (Kopal 1971;Morison 2008).”

• cites Kopal 1971Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Morison 2008Not checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

The concept of the moon as an eye entailed that it could be injured and healed, as well as put (back) in its place.

“The concept of the moon as an eye, on the other hand, entailed that it could be injured and healed, as well as put (back) in its place.”

May combine two claims.

The moon god Iah remains clearly secondary to the sun god in power and reputation, but he is definitely perceived as a ruler in his nocturnal sphere of activity: he dominates heaven and earth with his light, is referred to as the lord of certain astronomically or ritually significant days of the lunar month, and is invoked as a powerful apparition.

“The moon god Iah remains clearly secondary to the sun god in power and reputation, but he is definitely perceived as a ruler in his nocturnal sphere of activity: He dominates heaven and earth with his light, he is referred to as the lord of certain astronomically or ritually significant days of the lunar month, and he is invoked as a powerful apparition (Altmann-Wendling 2018: 962-964).”

• cites Altmann-Wendling 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

In some cases, these representations had interconnections and overlappings, and could determine or influence each other.

“In some cases, these representations had interconnections and overlappings, and could determine or influence each other.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

One text passage seems to indicate that the sun itself was leaning on the moon.

“One text passage even seems to indicate that the sun itself was leaning on the moon (Sethe 1908(Sethe -1910: 401, §732 b-c): 401, §732 b-c).”

• cites Sethe 1908-1910Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

What the moon illuminates, just like what the sun illuminates during the day, serves as a measure of a ruler's territory.

“What the moon illuminates (just like what the sun illuminates during the day) even serves as a measure of a ruler's territory.”

May combine two claims.

The fear of darkness was present in ancient Egypt and in numerous pre-modern societies, based on real dangers such as disorientation and attacks or imagined ones such as demons, primordial chaos, or proximity to death.

“This reveals the fear of darkness present in ancient Egypt as well as in numerous pre-modern societies, whether based on real dangers such as disorientation and human or animal attacks, or imagined ones such as demons, the primordial chaos, or the proximity to death (Assmann 2005: 522-528; Pries 2009: 5-6; Kucharek 2010: 554-560; 2016: 75).”

• cites Assmann 2005Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Pries 2009Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Kucharek 2010Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Invigoration, the ability to see, and people's rejoicing are concrete effects of moonlight.

“Invigoration, the ability to see, and people's rejoicing are the concrete effects of moonlight (e.g., Cauville 1997: 239, 1.4-9; Altmann-Wendling 2018: 915-918).”

• cites Cauville 1997Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Altmann-Wendling 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The expression 'everything the moon sees' indicates that the moon's luminosity was interpreted as the celestial body's gaze upon the world.

“The expression”

• cites de Rochemonteix and Chassinat 1887Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Husson 1977Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Altmann-Wendling 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The contrast between the bright full-moon sky and the new-moon period would have been all the more intense in the mostly cloudless sky of arid Egypt.

“The contrast between the bright full-moon sky and the new-moon period would have been all the more intense in the mostly cloudless sky of arid Egypt.”

The quote only partly states this claim.

The designation 'pillar of the sky' may have originated in the image of the brightest celestial body by night as a symbolical support of the canopy of heaven, imagined in ancient Egypt on four posts.

“The latter designation may have originated in the image of the brightest celestial body by night being a symbolical”

• cites Kurth 2016Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Mendel 2022Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.