Cited by 247Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchMemory Processes and InfluencesPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

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How does EMDR work?

van den Hout, Marcel A., Engelhard, Iris M.·2012·Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

DOI 10.5127/jep.028212

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Abstract

Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for alleviating trauma symptoms, and the positive effects of this treatment have been scientifically confirmed under well-controlled conditions. This has provided an opportunity to explore how EMDR works. The present paper reports on the findings of a long series of experiments that disproved the hypothesis that eye movements or other ‘dual tasks’ are unnecessary. These experiments also disproved the idea that ‘bilateral stimulation’ is needed; moving the eyes up and down produces the same effect as horizontal eye movement, and so do tasks that require no eye movement at all. However, it is important that the dual task taxes working memory. Several predictions can be derived from the working memory explanation for eye movements in EMDR. These seem to hold up extremely well in critical experimental tests, and create a solid explanation on how eye movements work. This paper discusses the implications that this theory and the empirical findings may have for the EMDR technique.

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Authors: van den Hout, M. A., & Engelhard, I. M.
Affiliations: Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Utrecht University (NL)
ORCID: Engelhard, Iris M.
Venue: Journal of Experimental Psychopathology
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2012-12
Volume: 3
Issue: 5
Pages: 724-738
ISSN: 2043-8087 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.5127/jep.028212
OpenAlex: W2142320849
Semantic Scholar: fd258a7e6c723c18d012bf7fef275199e4479b5b
Cited by: 247
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 4
FWCI: 8.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords: EMDR, working memory, dual-task interference, eye movements, bilateral stimulation, trauma symptoms, horizontal eye movements

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