Insecticidal, oxidative, and genotoxic activities of Syzygium aromaticum and Eucalyptus globulus on Culex pipiens adults and larvae
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The wide-reaching Culex pipiens has long been a public apprehension. Combating serious vector-borne diseases requires the use of insecticides effective against both humans and the ecosystem. The wide variation of botanicals that nature has to offer tempts researchers to study their interactions with the insects. Environment-friendly insecticides light up hope for maintaining ecological balance and pollution mitigation. This study aimed at evaluating the insecticidal, oxidative, and genotoxic activities of eucalyptus and clove oils on C. pipiens adults and larvae. METHODS: The chemical composition of essential oils was determined via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The bioassay was performed, with eucalyptus oil showing the highest toxicity index (LC50 of 0.108% after 24 h in adults and LC50 of 0.014% after 48 h in larvae). RESULTS: Fumigation effects showed Eucalyptus to have higher toxicity than clove oil, with an LC50 of 0.108% and 0.014% after 24 h and 48 h, respectively, in adults and larvae. The effect of tested oils on the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase varied with increasing oil concentrations. The genotoxic effects of the tested oils were dose-dependent, with an increase of all comet parameters compared with those in the control. CONCLUSION: The tested oils showed encouraging potentiality as green insecticides in combating C. pipiens.
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CEO has shown high levels of repellency and fumigant toxicity on flea, aphids, nymphal instars, mites, imported red fire ants, C. pipiens, and American and German cockroaches.
“CEO has shown high levels of repellency and fumigant toxicity on flea, aphids, nymphal instars, mites, imported red fire ants, C. pipiens, and American and German cockroaches [103,105,106].”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [105]
The Results (page not provided) report fumigant toxicity of clove essential oil against C. pipiens adults, with a 24-hour LC50 of 0.374%. The paper does not establish clove-oil repellency or its effects on the other listed pests, so it supports only the C. pipiens fumigant-toxicity part of the sentence. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredElzayyat et al. evaluated the insecticidal activity against adults and larvae of Culex pipiens, and reported an LC50 of 0.374 and 0.036%, respectively.
“Elzayyat et al. [105] evaluated the insecticidal activity against adults and larvae of Culex pipiens, and reported an LC50 of 0.374 and 0.036%, respectively [105].”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [105]
The oviposition-deterrent activity of CEO can be found in mosquito species Anopheles stephensi, An. subpictus, Ae. aegypti, C. pipiens, Ae. albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus.
“The oviposition-deterrent activity of CEO can be found in other mosquito species (Anopheles stephensi, An. subpictus, Ae. aegypti, C. pipiens, Ae. albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus) [105,107].”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [105]
The Biological Assays and Results sections describe mortality tests of clove oil on C. pipiens adults and larvae, not oviposition deterrence. A search for oviposition found no passage supporting deterrent activity in C. pipiens or the other listed species; the Conclusion says deterrence requires further study. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCEO has shown repellent action in laboratory and field settings against adult Ae. aegypti, Ae. cinereus, and Ae. communis.
“CEO has shown repellent action in the laboratory and field settings against adult Ae. aegypti, Ae. cinereus, and Ae. communis [105,107].”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [105]
The Biological Assays section tests clove oil by fumigation and measures mortality in Culex pipiens, not repellency in the three named Aedes species. The Conclusion says field trials of the tested oils require further study. A search for the named species and laboratory or field repellency found no passage supporting the attributed claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Zheng, R., Akhtar, S., Dai, R., Liu, J., Shi, Y., & Yan, X. (2026) · Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata · doi:10.1111/eea.70145
- Authors
- ASU, P., Elzayyat, E., Elleboudy, N., ASU, P., Moustafa, A., Research Institute of Medical Entomology, I., Ammar, A., & ASU, P.
- Affiliations
- Ain Shams University (EG)
- Venue
- Turkish Journal of Parasitology
- Publisher
- Galenos Yayinevi
- Published
- 2018-10-02
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 213-222
- ISSN
- 1300-6320 (ISSN-L)
- 2146-3077
- OpenAlex
- W2895089244
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 1.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Turkish Journal of Parasitology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Keywords
- Culex pipiens, Syzygium aromaticum, Eucalyptus globulus, clove oil, eucalyptus oil, essential oils, botanical insecticides, mosquito larvae, adult mosquitoes, LC50, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, genotoxicity, comet assay, mosquito vector control
- MeSH terms
- Mosquito Vectors, Animals, Culex, Eucalyptus, Fumigation, Insecticides, Larva, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Plant Oils, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Syzygium
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