Black carbon emissions from Russian diesel sources: case study of Murmansk
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Abstract
Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a potent pollutant because of its effects on climate change, ecosystems and human health. Black carbon has a particularly pronounced impact as a climate forcer in the Arctic because of its effect on snow albedo and cloud formation. We have estimated BC emissions from diesel sources in the Murmansk Region and Murmansk City, the largest city in the world above the Arctic Circle. In this study we developed a detailed inventory of diesel sources including on-road vehicles, off-road transport (mining, locomotives, construction and agriculture), ships and diesel generators. For on-road transport, we conducted several surveys to understand the vehicle fleet and driving patterns, and, for all sources, we also relied on publicly available local data sets and analysis. We calculated that BC emissions in the Murmansk Region were 0.40 Gg in 2012. The mining industry is the largest source of BC emissions in the region, emitting 69 % of all BC emissions because of its large diesel consumption and absence of emissions controls. On-road vehicles are the second largest source, emitting about 13 % of emissions. Old heavy duty trucks are the major source of emissions. Emission controls on new vehicles limit total emissions from on-road transportation. Vehicle traffic and fleet surveys show that many of the older cars on the registry are lightly or never used. We also estimated that total BC emissions from diesel sources in Russia were 50.8 Gg in 2010, and on-road transport contributed 49 % of diesel BC emissions. Agricultural machinery is also a significant source Russia-wide, in part because of the lack of controls on off-road vehicles.
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Current Arctic emissions are especially not well quantified for metallurgical activities and BC emissions on the Kola Peninsula and for gas flaring, though the magnitude of the contribution of flaring is still unclear.
“This is especially the case for the metallurgical activities and BC emissions on the Kola Peninsula (Evans et al., 2015; Hienola et al., 2013; Prank et al., 2010) and gas fl aring, even though the magnitude of the contribution of fl aring is still unclear (Huang et al., 2015; Stohl et al., 2013; Winiger et al., 2017).”
From Local Arctic Air Pollution: A Neglected but Serious Problem (2018) · cites this paper as Evans et al., 2015
The Introduction says Russian BC emissions are poorly understood, and the Uncertainty analysis reports substantial uncertainty in BC estimates for the Murmansk Region, particularly for mining diesel sources. The paper does not establish the same point specifically for metallurgical activities. The gas-flaring clause is attributed to other citations, not Evans et al. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOn-road vehicles also made a significant contribution (13%) with a few old heavy-duty vehicles contributing the largest share.
“On-road vehicles also made a signi fi cant contribution (13%) with a few old heavy-duty vehicles contributing the largest share.”
From Local Arctic Air Pollution: A Neglected but Serious Problem (2018) · cites this paper as Evans et al., 2015
Evans et al. (2015) found that 69% of BC emissions originate from diesel combustion in the mining industry in the Murmansk region due to high fuel consumption and absent control standards.
“They found that 69% of BC emissions originate from diesel combustion in the mining industry in the Murmansk region due to high fuel consumption and absent control standards.”
From Local Arctic Air Pollution: A Neglected but Serious Problem (2018) · cites this paper as Evans et al., 2015
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Cites
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Local Arctic Air Pollution: A Neglected but Serious Problem
Schmale, J., Arnold, S. R., Law, K. S., Thorp, T., Anenberg, S., Simpson, W. R., Mao, J., & Pratt, K. A. (2018) · Earth's Future · doi:10.1029/2018ef000952 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
“Prank et al. (2010) updated SO2 and PM emissions for the Kola Peninsula after finding that emissions from one of the largest point sources, the Nikel smelter plant on the border with Finland, were either missing, misplaced, or wrongly attributed in major European inventories.”
BackgroundInfluentialRussian anthropogenic black carbon: Emission reconstruction and Arctic black carbon simulation
Huang, K., Fu, J. S., Prikhodko, V. Y., Storey, J. M., Romanov, A., Hodson, E. L., Cresko, J., Morozova, I., Ignatieva, Y., & Cabaniss, J. (2015) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/2015jd023358 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
- Authors
- Evans, M., Kholod, N., Malyshev, V., Tretyakova, S., Gusev, E., Yu, S., & Barinov, A.
- Affiliations
- Joint Global Change Research Institute (US)
- Murmansk State Technical University (RU)
- Corresponding author
- Evans, M.
- Venue
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
- Publisher
- Copernicus GmbH
- Published
- 2015-07-27
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 8349-8359
- ISSN
- 1680-7316 (ISSN-L)
- 1680-7324
- OpenAlex
- W1996787797
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Atmospheric chemistry and physics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (X4-83527901)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Vehicle emissions and performance
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- black carbon emissions, diesel exhaust, Murmansk region, Murmansk, emission inventory, road vehicles, mining emissions, ships, diesel generator, heavy-duty trucks, snow albedo, agricultural machinery
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