On-flight intercomparison of three miniature aerosol absorption sensors using unmanned aerial systems (UASs)
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Abstract
The present study investigates and compares the ground and in-flight performance of three miniaturized aerosol absorption sensors integrated on board small-sized Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs). These sensors were evaluated during two contrasted field campaigns performed at an urban site, impacted mainly by local traffic and domestic wood burning sources (Athens, Greece), and at a remote regional background site, impacted by long-range transported sources including dust (Cyprus Atmospheric Observatory, Agia Marina Xyliatou, Cyprus). The miniaturized sensors were first intercompared at the ground-level against two commercially available instruments used as a reference. The measured signal of the miniaturized sensors was converted into the absorption coefficient and equivalent black carbon concentration (eBC). When applicable, signal saturation corrections were applied, following the suggestions of the manufacturers. The aerosol absorption sensors exhibited similar behavior against the reference instruments during the two campaigns, despite the diversity of the aerosol origin, chemical composition, sources, and concentration levels. The deviation from the reference during both campaigns concerning (eBC) mass was less than 8 %, while for the absorption coefficient it was at least 15 %. This indicates that those sensors that report black carbon mass are tuned and corrected to measure eBC more accurately than the absorption coefficient. The overall potential use of miniature aerosol absorption sensors on board small UASs is also illustrated. UAS-based absorption measurements were used to investigate the vertical distribution of eBC over Athens up to 1 km above sea level during January 2016, exceeding the top of the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Our results reveal a heterogeneous boundary layer concentration of absorbing aerosol within the PBL intensified in the early morning hours due to the concurrent peak traffic emissions at ground-level and the fast development of the boundary layer. After the full development of the PBL, homogenous concentrations are observed from 100 m a.g.l. to the PBL top.
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The STAP b_abs showed good agreement with other filter-based reference instruments such as the multiangle absorption photometer (MAAP).
“The performance of the STAP was previously reported by Bates et al. (2013), Pikridas et al. (2019) and Pilz et al. (2022), and b abs showed good agreement with other filterbased reference instruments such as the multiangle absorption photometer (MAAP).”
From In situ vertical observations of the layered structure of air pollution in a continental high-latitude urban boundary layer during winter (2025) · cites this paper as Pikridas et al. (2019)
Section 7.2 (page not provided) reports that STAP’s absorption coefficient showed good agreement, within 10%, against the reference in the Athens ground-based comparison. However, the reported STAP comparison is against a corrected AE33, not directly against MAAP; the paper’s MAAP comparison concerns the AE33 (Sections 5.1 and 7.2). Thus the good-agreement finding is supported, but the specific MAAP example is not established for STAP. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Pikridas, M., Bezantakos, S., Močnik, G., Keleshis, C., Brechtel, F., Stavroulas, I., Demetriades, G., Antoniou, P., Vouterakos, P., Argyrides, M., Liakakou, E., Drinovec, L., Marinou, E., Amiridis, V., Vrekoussis, M., Mihalopoulos, N., & Sciare, J.
- Affiliations
- Cyprus Institute (CY)
- University of Nova Gorica (SI)
- Brechtel (United States) (US)
- National Observatory of Athens (GR)
- Jožef Stefan Institute (SI)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Pikridas, Michael
- ORCID
- Venue
- Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
- Publisher
- Copernicus GmbH
- Published
- 2019-12-09
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 6425-6447
- ISSN
- 1867-1381 (ISSN-L)
- 1867-8548
- OpenAlex
- W2952856487
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Atmospheric measurement techniques (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RUNG (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- elib (German Aerospace Center) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- European Commission (654109)
- Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Research and Innovation Foundation
- European Regional Development Fund
- H2020 European Research Council (725698)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Keywords
- black carbon, equivalent black carbon, sensor intercomparison, unmanned aerial systems, in-flight measurement, vertical distribution of aerosols, atmospheric boundary layer, urban air pollution, wood combustion emissions, dust transport, Athens
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