CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 394Atmospheric chemistry and aerosolsIndoor Air Quality and Microbial ExposureAtmospheric aerosols and clouds

Autofluorescence of atmospheric bioaerosols – fluorescent biomolecules and potential interferences

Open access
Pöhlker, C., Huffman, J. A., Pöschl, U.·2012·Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
DOI 10.5194/amt-5-37-2012

Published version of a preprint

Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Abstract. Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) are an important subset of air particulate matter with a substantial contribution to the organic aerosol fraction and potentially strong effects on public health and climate. Recent progress has been made in PBAP quantification by utilizing real-time bioaerosol detectors based on the principle that specific organic molecules of biological origin such as proteins, coenzymes, cell wall compounds and pigments exhibit intrinsic fluorescence. The properties of many fluorophores have been well documented, but it is unclear which are most relevant for detection of atmospheric PBAP. The present study provides a systematic synthesis of literature data on potentially relevant biological fluorophores. We analyze and discuss their relative importance for the detection of fluorescent biological aerosol particles (FBAP) by online instrumentation for atmospheric measurements such as the ultraviolet aerodynamic particle sizer (UV-APS) or the wide issue bioaerosol sensor (WIBS). In addition, we provide new laboratory measurement data for selected compounds using bench-top fluorescence spectroscopy. Relevant biological materials were chosen for comparison with existing literature data and to fill in gaps of understanding. The excitation-emission matrices (EEM) exhibit pronounced peaks at excitation wavelengths of ~280 nm and ~360 nm, confirming the suitability of light sources used for online detection of FBAP. They also show, however, that valuable information is missed by instruments that do not record full emission spectra at multiple wavelengths of excitation, and co-occurrence of multiple fluorophores within a detected sample will likely confound detailed molecular analysis. Selected non-biological materials were also analyzed to assess their possible influence on FBAP detection and generally exhibit only low levels of background-corrected fluorescent emission. This study strengthens the hypothesis that ambient supermicron particle fluorescence in wavelength ranges used for most FBAP instruments is likely to be dominated by biological material and that such instrumentation is able to discriminate between FBAP and non-biological material in many situations. More detailed follow-up studies on single particle fluorescence are still required to reduce these uncertainties further, however.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.5194/amt-5-37-2012

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 108

  1. Agranovski, V., Ristovski, Z., Hargreaves, M., Blackall, P. J., and Morawska, L.: Performance evaluation of the UVAPS: in- fluence of physiological age of airborne bacteria and bacte- rial stress, J. Aerosol Sci., 34, 1711-1727, doi:10.1016/s0021- 8502(03)00191-5, 2003. · DOI
  2. Aizawa, T. and Kosaka, H.: Investigation of early soot formation process in a diesel spray flame via excitation-emission matrix using a multi-wavelength laser source, Int. J. Eng. Res., 9, 79- 96, doi:10.1243/14680874jer01407, 2008. · DOI
  3. Aizawa, T. and Kosaka, H.: Effects of Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel on soot formation processes in a diesel spray flame, Int. J. Eng. Res., 11, 79-87, doi:10.1243/14680874jer04709, 2010. · DOI
  4. Ammor, M. S.: Recent advances in the use of intrinsic fluorescence for bacterial identification and characterization, J. Fluoresc., 17, 455-459, doi:10.1007/s10895-007-0180-6, 2007. · DOI
  5. Ammor, S., Yaakoubi, K., Chevallier, I., and Dufour, E.: Identification by fluorescence spectroscopy of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a small-scale facility producing tra- ditional dry sausages, J. Microbiol. Meth., 59, 271-281, doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2004.07.014, 2004. · DOI
  6. Andersson, H., Baechi, T., Hoechl, M., and Richter, C.: Autofluo- rescence of living cells, J. Microsc.-Oxford, 191, 1-7, 1998.
  7. Andreae, M. O. and Gelencsér, A.: Black carbon or brown car- bon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols, At- mos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3131-3148, doi:10.5194/acp-6-3131-2006, 2006. · DOI · Paper page
  8. Andreae, M. O. and Rosenfeld, D.: Aerosol-cloud- precipitation interactions, Part 1, The nature and sources of cloud-active aerosols, Earth-Sci. Rev., 89, 13-41, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.03.001, 2008. · DOI
  9. Bauer, H., Schueller, E., Weinke, G., Berger, A., Hitzenberger, R., Marr, I. L., and Puxbaum, H.: Significant contributions of fungal spores to the organic carbon and to the aerosol mass balance of the urban atmospheric aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 42, 5542-5549, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.03.019, 2008. · DOI · Paper page
  10. Billinton, N. and Knight, A. W.: Seeing the wood through the trees: A review of techniques for distinguishing green fluorescent pro- tein from endogenous autofluorescence, Anal. Biochem., 291, 175-197, 2001.
  11. Birdwell, J. E. and Valsaraj, K. T.: Characterization of dis- solved organic matter in fogwater by excitation-emission ma- trix fluorescence spectroscopy, Atmos. Environ., 44, 3246-3253, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.055, 2010. · DOI
  12. Boerjan, W., Ralph, J., and Baucher, M.: Lignin biosynthesis, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 54, 519-546, doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938, 2003. · DOI · Paper page
  13. Bowers, R. M., Lauber, C. L., Wiedinmyer, C., Hamady, M., Hallar, A. G., Fall, R., Knight, R., and Fierer, N.: Characterization of Airborne Microbial Communities at a High-Elevation Site and Their Potential To Act as Atmospheric Ice Nuclei, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 75, 5121-5130, doi:10.1128/aem.00447-09, 2009. · DOI
  14. Bozlee, B. J., Misra, A. K., Sharma, S. K., and Ingram, M.: Remote Raman and fluorescence studies of mineral samples, Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr., 61, 2342-2348, doi:10.1016/j.saa.2005.02.033, 2005. · DOI
  15. Bronk, B. V., Shoaibi, A., Nudelman, R., and Akinyemi, A.: Phys- ical perturbation for fluorescent characterization of microorgan- ism particles, in: Chemical and Biological Sensing, edited by: Gardner, P. J., Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical In- strumentation Engineers -Spie, Spie-Int Soc Optical Engineer- ing, Bellingham, 169-180, 2000.
  16. Brooks, J. and Shaw, G.: Sporopollenin a review of its chemistry paleochemistry and geochemistry, Grana, 17, 91-98, 1978.
  17. Bundke, U., Reimann, B., Nillius, B., Jaenicke, R., and Binge- mer, H.: Development of a Bioaerosol single particle detector (BIO IN) for the Fast Ice Nucleus CHamber FINCH, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 263-271, doi:10.5194/amt-3-263-2010, 2010. · DOI
  18. Burrows, S. M., Butler, T., Jöckel, P., Tost, H., Kerkweg, A., Pöschl, U., and Lawrence, M. G.: Bacteria in the global at- mosphere -Part 2: Modeling of emissions and transport be- tween different ecosystems, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9281-9297, doi:10.5194/acp-9-9281-2009, 2009. · DOI
  19. Burshtein, N., Lang-Yona, N., and Rudich, Y.: Ergosterol, ara- bitol and mannitol as tracers for biogenic aerosols in the eastern Mediterranean, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 829-839, doi:10.5194/acp-11-829-2011, 2011. · DOI
  20. Campbell, S. D., Tremblay, D. P., Daver, F., and Cousins, D.: Wavelength comparison study for bioaerosol detection, in: Sen- sors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence, edited by: Carapezza, E. M., Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers -Spie, Spie-Int Soc Optical Engineering, Bellingham, 130-138, 2005.
  21. Castellan, A., Ruggiero, R., Frollini, E., Ramos, L. A., and Chirat, C.: Studies on fluorescence of cellulosics, Holzforschung, 61, 504-508, doi:10.1515/hf.2007.090, 2007. · DOI
  22. Chang, J. L. and Thompson, J. E.: Characterization of colored prod- ucts formed during irradiation of aqueous solutions containing H 2 O 2 and phenolic compounds, Atmos. Environ., 44, 541-551, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.10.042, 2010. · DOI
  23. Chang, S. K., Mirabal, Y. N., Atkinson, E. N., Cox, D., Malpica, A., Follen, M., and Richards-Kortum, R.: Combined reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy for in vivo detection of cervical pre-cancer, J. Biomed. Opt., 10, 024031, doi:10.1117/1.1899686, 2005. · DOI
  24. Chi, M. C. and Li, C. S.: Fluorochrome in monitoring at- mospheric bioaerosols and correlations with meteoro ogical factors and air pollutants, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 41, 672-678, doi:10.1080/02786820701383181, 2007. · DOI
  25. Christner, B. C., Morris, C. E., Foreman, C. M., Cai, R. M., and Sands, D. C.: Ubiquity of biological ice nucleators in snowfall, Science, 319, 1214-1214, doi:10.1126/science.1149757, 2008. · DOI
  26. Després, V. R., Nowoisky, J. F., Klose, M., Conrad, R., Andreae, M. O., and Pöschl, U.: Characterization of primary biogenic aerosol particles in urban, rural, and high-alpine air by DNA sequence and restriction fragment analysis of ribosomal RNA genes, Bio- geosciences, 4, 1127-1141, doi:10.5194/bg-4-1127-2007, 2007. · DOI
  27. Després, V. R., Huffman, J. A., Burrows, S. M., Hoose, C., Safatov, A. S., Buryak, G. A., Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Elbert, W., Andreae, M. O., Pöschl, U., and Jaenicke, R.: Primary Biological Aerosol Particles in the Atmosphere: A Review, Tellus B, in press, 2012.
  28. Dingle, A. N.: Pollens as condensation nuclei, Journal de Recherches Atmospheriques, 2, 231-237, 1966.
  29. Douwes, J., Thorne, P., Pearce, N., and Heederik, D.: Bioaerosol health effects and exposure assessment: Progress and prospects, Ann. Occup. Hyg., 47, 187-200, doi:10.1093/annhyg/meg032, 2003. · DOI · Paper page
  30. Dreyer, B., Morte, A., Perez-Gilabert, M., and Honrubia, M.: Aut- ofluorescence detection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal struc- tures in palm roots: an underestimated experimental method, Mycol. Res., 110, 887-897, doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2006.05.011, 2006. · DOI
  31. Elbert, W., Taylor, P. E., Andreae, M. O., and Pöschl, U.: Contribu- tion of fungi to primary biogenic aerosols in the atmosphere: wet and dry discharged spores, carbohydrates, and inorganic ions, At- mos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4569-4588, doi:10.5194/acp-7-4569-2007, 2007. · DOI
  32. Estes, C., Duncan, A., Wade, B., Lloyd, C., Ellis, W., and Powers, L.: Reagentless detection of microorganisms by intrinsic fluores- cence, Biosens. Bioelectron., 18, 511-519, doi:10.1016/s0956- 5663(03)00008-3, 2003. · DOI
  33. Farabegoli, G., Hellinga, C., Heijnen, J. J., and van Loosdrecht, M. C. M.: Study on the use of NADH fluorescence measure- ments for monitoring wastewater treatment systems, Water Res., 37, 2732-2738, doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(03)00064-2, 2003. · DOI
  34. Fergenson, D. P., Pitesky, M. E., Tobias, H. J., Steele, P. T., Cz- erwieniec, G. A., Russell, S. C., Lebrilla, C. B., Horn, J. M., Coffee, K. R., Srivastava, A., Pillai, S. P., Shih, M. T. P., Hall, H. L., Ramponi, A. J., Chang, J. T., Langlois, R. G., Estacio, P. L., Hadley, R. T., Frank, M., and Gard, E. E.: Reagentless detection and classification of individual bioaerosol particles in seconds, Anal. Chem., 76, 373-378, doi:10.1021/ac034467e, 2004. · DOI
  35. Feugnet, G., Lallier, E., Grisard, A., McIntosh, L., Hellstrom, J. E., Jelger, P., Laurell, F., Albano, C., Kaliszewski, M., Wlo- darski, M., Mlynczak, J., Kwasny, M., Zawadzki, Z., Mierczyk, Z., Kopczynski, K., Rostedt, A., Putkiranta, M., Marjamaki, M., Keskinen, J., Enroth, J., Janka, K., Reinivaara, R., Holma, L., Humppi, T., Battistelli, E., Iliakis, E., and Gerolimos, G.: Im- proved laser-induced fluorescence method for bio-attack early warning detection system, Proc. SPIE -Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 7116, 71160C, doi:10.1117/12.799151, 2008. · DOI
  36. Finlayson-Pitts, B. J. and Pitts, J. N.: Chemistry of the upper and lower atmosphere, Academic press, San Diego, USA, 2000.
  37. Foot, V. E., Kaye, P. H., Stanley, W. R., Barrington, S. J., Gallagher, M., and Gabey, A.: Low-cost real-time multi-parameter bio- aerosol sensors, Proc. SPIE -Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 7116, 711601, doi:10.1117/12.800226, 2008. · DOI
  38. Franze, T., Weller, M. G., Niessner, R., and Pöschl, U.: Protein nitration by polluted air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1673-1678, doi:10.1021/es0488737, 2005. · DOI
  39. Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Pickersgill, D. A., Després, V. R., and Pöschl, U.: High diversity of fungi in air particu- late matter, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 12814-12819, doi:10.1073/pnas.0811003106, 2009. · DOI
  40. Gabey, A. M., Gallagher, M. W., Whitehead, J., Dorsey, J. R., Kaye, P. H., and Stanley, W. R.: Measurements and comparison of pri- mary biological aerosol above and below a tropical forest canopy using a dual channel fluorescence spectrometer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4453-4466, doi:10.5194/acp-10-4453-2010, 2010. · DOI · Paper page
  41. Gabey, A. M., Stanley, W. R., Gallagher, M. W., and Kaye, P. H.: The fluorescence properties of aerosol larger than 0.8 µm in ur- ban and tropical rainforest locations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5491-5504, doi:10.5194/acp-11-5491-2011, 2011. · DOI · Paper page
  42. Galland, P. and Tolle, N.: Light-induced fluorescence changes in Phycomyces: evidence for blue light-receptor associated flavo- semiquinones, Planta, 217, 971-982, doi:10.1007/s00425-003- 1068-6, 2003. · DOI
  43. Georgakopoulos, D. G., Després, V., Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Psen- ner, R., Ariya, P. A., Pósfai, M., Ahern, H. E., Moffett, B. F., and Hill, T. C. J.: Microbiology and atmospheric processes: biological, physical and chemical characterization of aerosol par- ticles, Biogeosciences, 6, 721-737, doi:10.5194/bg-6-721-2009, 2009. · DOI
  44. Gomez, B. L. and Nosanchuk, J. D.: Melanin and fungi, Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis., 16, 91-96, doi:10.1097/01.aco.0000065076.06965.04, 2003. · DOI
  45. Graber, E. R. and Rudich, Y.: Atmospheric HULIS: How humic- like are they? A comprehensive and critical review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 729-753, doi:10.5194/acp-6-729-2006, 2006. · DOI
  46. Gregory, P. H.: The Microbiology of the Atmosphere, Wiley, New York, 1973.
  47. Griffiths, W. D. and Decosemo, G. A. L.: The Assessment of Bioaerosols -A Critical Review, J. Aerosol Sci., 25, 1425-1458, 1994.
  48. Heald, C. L. and Spracklen, D. V.: Atmospheric budget of primary biological aerosol particles from fungal spores, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L09806, doi:10.1029/2009gl037493, 2009. · DOI · Paper page
  49. Heikal, A. A.: Intracellular coenzymes as natural biomarkers for metabolic activities and mitochondrial anomalies, Biomark. Med., 4, 241-263, doi:10.2217/bmm.10.1, 2010. · DOI
  50. Hoose, C., Kristjansson, J. E., and Burrows, S. M.: How important is biological ice nucleation in clouds on a global scale?, Environ. Res. Lett., 5, 024009, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/024009, 2010. · DOI
  51. Hudson, N., Baker, A., and Reynolds, D.: Fluorescence analysis of dissolved organic matter in natural, waste and polluted waters - A review, River Res. Appl., 23, 631-649, doi:10.1002/rra.1005, 2007. · DOI
  52. Huffman, J. A., Treutlein, B., and Pöschl, U.: Fluorescent bi- ological aerosol particle concentrations and size distributions measured with an Ultraviolet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (UV- APS) in Central Europe, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3215-3233, doi:10.5194/acp-10-3215-2010, 2010. · DOI · Paper page
  53. Jaenicke, R.: Abundance of cellular material and proteins in the atmosphere, Science, 308, 73, doi:10.1126/science.1106335, 2005. · DOI
  54. Jaenicke, R., Matthias-Maser, S., and Gruber, S.: Omnipresence of biological material in the atmosphere, Environ. Chem., 4, 217- 220, doi:10.1071/en07021, 2007. · DOI
  55. Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Donahue, N. M., Prevot, A. S. H., Zhang, Q., Kroll, J. H., DeCarlo, P. F., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ng, N. L., Aiken, A. C., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Grieshop, A. P., Robinson, A. L., Duplissy, J., Smith, J. D., Wil- son, K. R., Lanz, V. A., Hueglin, C., Sun, Y. L., Tian, J., Laak- sonen, A., Raatikainen, T., Rautiainen, J., Vaattovaara, P., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., Tomlinson, J. M., Collins, D. R., Cubison, M. J., Dunlea, E. J., Huffman, J. A., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Williams, P. I., Bower, K., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Salcedo, D., Cot- trell, L., Griffin, R., Takami, A., Miyoshi, T., Hatakeyama, S., Shimono, A., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., Dzepina, K., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Jayne, J. T., Herndon, S. C., Trimborn, A. M., Williams, L. R., Wood, E. C., Middlebrook, A. M., Kolb, C. E., Baltensperger, U., and Worsnop, D. R.: Evolution of Or- ganic Aerosols in the Atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525-1529, doi:10.1126/science.1180353, 2009. · DOI · Paper page
  56. Johansson, L. and Liden, G.: A study of long-term effects on plasmid-containing Escherichia coli in carbon-limited chemostat using 2D-fluorescence spectrofluorimetry, Biotechnol. Prog., 22, 1132-1139, doi:10.1021/bp060061m, 2006. · DOI
  57. Jones, A. M. and Harrison, R. M.: The effects of me- teorological factors on atmospheric bioaerosol concentra- tions -a review, Sci. Total Environ., 326, 151-180, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.11.021, 2004. · DOI · Paper page
  58. Keller, N. P., Turner, G., and Bennett, J. W.: Fungal secondary metabolism -From biochemistry to genomics, Nat. Rev. Micro- biol., 3, 937-947, doi:10.1038/nrmicro1286, 2005. · DOI
  59. Kieber, R. J., Whitehead, R. F., Reid, S. N., Willey, J. D., and Seaton, P. J.: Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in rainwater, southeastern North Carolina, USA, J. Atmos. Chem., 54, 21-41, doi:10.1007/s10874-005-9008-4, 2006. · DOI
  60. Klapper, L., McKnight, D. M., Fulton, J. R., Blunt-Harris, E. L., Nevin, K. P., Lovley, D. R., and Hatcher, P. G.: Fulvic acid oxi- dation state detection using fluorescence spectroscopy, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 3170-3175, doi:10.1021/es0109702, 2002. · DOI
  61. Koenig, K. and Schneckenburger, H.: Laser-induced autoflu- orescence for medical diagnosis, J. Fluoresc., 4, 17-40, doi:10.1007/bf01876650, 1994. · DOI
  62. Kopczynski, K., Kwasny, M., Mierczyk, Z., and Zawadzki, Z.: Laser induced fluorescence system for detection of biological agents: European project FABIOLA, Proc. SPIE -The In- ternational Society for Optical Engineering, 5954, 0501-0512, doi:10.1117/12.623013, 2005. · DOI
  63. Kumke, M. U., Löhmannsröben, H. G., and Roch, T.: Flu- orescence spectroscopy of polynuclear aromatic compounds in environmental monitoring, J. Fluoresc., 5, 139-152, doi:10.1007/bf00727531, 1995. · DOI
  64. Ladokhin, A. S.: Fluorescence spectroscopy in peptide and pro- tein analysis, in: Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry, edited by: Meyers, R. A., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 5762-5779, 2000.
  65. Lau, A. P. S., Lee, A. K. Y., Chan, C. K., and Fang, M.: Er- gosterol as a biomarker for the quantification of the fungal biomass in atmospheric aerosols, Atmos. Environ., 40, 249-259, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.048, 2006. · DOI
  66. Lenardon, M. D., Munro, C. A., and Gow, N. A. R.: Chitin synthesis and fungal pathogenesis, Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 13, 416-423, doi:10.1016/j.mib.2010.05.002, 2010. · DOI · Paper page
  67. Li, W. H., Sheng, G. P., Lu, R., Yu, H. Q., Li, Y. Y., and Harada, H.: Fluorescence spectral characteristics of the supernatants from an anaerobic hydrogen-producing bioreactor, Appl. Micro- biol. Biotechnol., 89, 217-224, doi:10.1007/s00253-010-2867-x, 2011. · DOI
  68. Li, Y., Dick, W. A., and Tuovinen, O. H.: Fluorescence microscopy for visualization of soil microorganisms -a review, Biol. Fert. Soils, 39, 301-311, doi:10.1007/s00374-004-0722-x, 2004. · DOI
  69. Liang, J., Wu, W. L., Liu, Z. H., Mei, Y. J., Cai, R. X., and Shen, P.: Study the oxidative injury of yeast cells by NADH autofluorescence, Spectroc. Acta Pt. A, 67, 355-359, doi:10.1016/j.saa.2006.07.035, 2007. · DOI
  70. Lim, D. V., Simpson, J. M., Kearns, E. A., and Kramer, M. F.: Current and developing technologies for monitoring agents of bioterrorism and biowarfare, Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 18, 583-607, doi:10.1128/cmr.18.4.583-607.2005, 2005. · DOI
  71. Linskens, H. F. and Cresti, M.: Pollen-allergy as an ecological phe- nomenon: a review, Plant Biosyst., 134, 341-352, 2000.
  72. Lohmann, U. and Feichter, J.: Global indirect aerosol effects: a re- view, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, doi:10.5194/acp-5-715- 2005, 2005. · DOI
  73. Madelin, T. M.: Fungal aerosols: A review, J. Aerosol Sci., 25, 1405-1412, 1994.
  74. Matthias-Maser, S., Obolkin, V., Khodzer, T., and Jaenicke, R.: Seasonal variation of primary biological aerosol particles in the remote continental region of Lake Baikal/Siberia, Atmos. Environ., 34, 3805-3811, doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00139-4, 2000. · DOI · Paper page
  75. McIntosh, A., Atshaves, B., Huang, H., Gallegos, A., Kier, A., and Schroeder, F.: Fluorescence Techniques Using Dehydroergos- terol to Study Cholesterol Trafficking, Lipids, 43, 1185-1208, doi:10.1007/s11745-008-3194-1, 2008. · DOI
  76. Miao, H., Rubakhin, S. S., and Sweedler, J. V.: Analysis of serotonin release from single neuron soma using capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence with a pulsed deep-UV NeCu laser, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 377, 1007-1013, doi:10.1007/s00216-003-2191-8, 2003. · DOI
  77. Möhler, O., DeMott, P. J., Vali, G., and Levin, Z.: Microbiology and atmospheric processes: the role of biological particles in cloud physics, Biogeosciences, 4, 1059-1071, doi:10.5194/bg-4-1059- 2007, 2007. · DOI
  78. Monks, P. S., Granier, C., Fuzzi, S., Stohl, A., Williams, M. L., Akimoto, H., Amann, M., Baklanov, A., Baltensperger, U., Bey, I., Blake, N., Blake, R. S., Carslaw, K., Cooper, O. R., Dentener, F., Fowler, D., Fragkou, E., Frost, G. J., Generoso, S., Ginoux, P., Grewe, V., Guenther, A., Hansson, H. C., Henne, S., Hjorth, J., Hofzumahaus, A., Huntrieser, H., Isaksen, I. S. A., Jenkin, M. E., Kaiser, J., Kanakidou, M., Klimont, Z., Kulmala, M., Laj, P., Lawrence, M. G., Lee, J. D., Liousse, C., Maione, M., McFig- gans, G., Metzger, A., Mieville, A., Moussiopoulos, N., Orlando, J. J., O'Dowd, C. D., Palmer, P. I., Parrish, D. D., Petzold, A., Platt, U., Pöschl, U., Prevot, A. S. H., Reeves, C. E., Reimann, S., Rudich, Y., Sellegri, K., Steinbrecher, R., Simpson, D., ten Brink, H., Theloke, J., van der Werf, G. R., Vautard, R., Vestreng, V., Vlachokostas, C., and von Glasow, R.: Atmospheric compo- sition change -global and regional air quality, Atmos. Environ., 43, 5268-5350, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.08.021, 2009. · DOI
  79. Muller, C. L., Baker, A., Hutchinson, R., Fairchild, I. J., and Kidd, C.: Analysis of rainwater dissolved organic carbon com- pounds using fluorescence spectrophotometry, Atmos. Environ., 42, 8036=-8045, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.06.042, 2008. · DOI
  80. O'Connor, D. J., Iacopino, D., Healy, D. A., O'Sullivan, D., and Sodeau, J. R.: The intrinsic fluorescence spectra of selected pollen and fungal spores, Atmos. Environ., 45, 6451-6458, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.07.044, 2011. · DOI
  81. Olmstead, J. A. and Gray, D. G.: Fluorescence spectroscopy of cel- lulose, lignin and mechanical pulps: A review, J. Pulp Pap. Sci., 23, J571-J581, 1997.
  82. Pan, Y. L., Pinnick, R. G., Hill, S. C., and Chang, R. K.: Particle-Fluorescence Spectrometer for Real-Time Single- Particle Measurements of Atmospheric Organic Carbon and Biological Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 429-434, doi:10.1021/es801544y, 2009. · DOI
  83. Pan, Y.-L., Hill, S. C., Pinnick, R. G., Huang, H., Bottiger, J. R., and Chang, R. K.: Fluorescence spectra of atmospheric aerosol particles measured using one or two excitation wave- lengths: Comparison of classification schemes employing dif- ferent emission and scattering results, Opt. Express, 18, 12436- 12457, doi:10.1364/oe.18.012436, 2010. · DOI
  84. Pan, Y.-L., Hill, S. C., Pinnick, R. G., House, J. M., Flagan, R. C., and Chang, R. K.: Dual-excitation-wavelength fluorescence spectra and elastic scattering for differentiation of single airborne pollen and fungal particles, Atmos. Environ., 45, 1555-1563, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.042, 2011. · DOI
  85. Permyakov, E. A.: Luminescent spectroscopy of proteins, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1993.
  86. Pinnick, R. G., Hill, S. C., Pan, Y. L., and Chang, R. K.: Flu- orescence spectra of atmospheric aerosol at Adelphi, Mary- land, USA: measurement and classification of single particles containing organic carbon, Atmos. Environ., 38, 1657-1672, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.11.017, 2004. · DOI
  87. Pöschl, U.: Atmospheric aerosols: Composition, transformation, climate and health effects, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 44, 7520- 7540, doi:10.1002/anie.200501122, 2005. · DOI
  88. Pöschl, U., Martin, S. T., Sinha, B., Chen, Q., Gunthe, S. S., Huffman, J. A., Borrmann, S., Farmer, D. K., Garland, R. M., Helas, G., Jimeney, J. L., King, S. M., Manzi, A., Mikhailov, E., Pauliquevis, T., Petters, M. D., Prenni, A. J., Roldin, P., Rose, D., Schneider, J., Su, H., Zorn, S. R., Artaxo, P., and Andreae, M. O.: Rainforest Aerosols as Biogenic Nuclei of Clouds and Precipitation in the Amazon, Science, 329, 1513- 1516, doi:10.1126/science.1191056, 2010. · DOI · Paper page
  89. Pons, M. N., Le Bonte, S., and Potier, O.: Spectral analysis and fingerprinting for biomedia characterisation, J. Biotechnol., 113, 211-230, doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.03.028, 2004. · DOI
  90. Ramanujam, N.: Fluorescence Spectroscopy In Vivo, Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006.
  91. Roberts, M. F. W.: Alkaloids: Biochemistry, Ecology, and Medici- nal Applications, Plenum Press, New York, 1998.
  92. Russell, L. M., Maria, S. F., and Myneni, S. C. B.: Mapping organic coatings on atmospheric particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1779, doi:10.1029/2002gl014874, 2002. · DOI
  93. Slowik, J. G., Cross, E. S., Han, J. H., Kolucki, J., Davidovits, P., Williams, L. R., Onasch, T. B., Jayne, J. T., Kolb, C. E., and Worsnop, D. R.: Measurements of morphology changes of frac- tal soot particles using coating and denuding experiments: Impli- cations for optical absorption and atmospheric lifetime, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 41, 734-750, doi:10.1080/02786820701432632, 2007. · DOI
  94. Snyder, A. P., Maswadeh, W. M., Tripathi, A., Eversole, J., Ho, J., and Spence, M.: Orthogonal analysis of mass and spectral based technologies for the field detection of bioaerosols, Anal. Chim. Acta, 513, 365-377, doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.03.003, 2004. · DOI
  95. Stanley, W. R., Kaye, P. H., Foot, V. E., Barrington, S. J., Gallagher, M., and Gabey, A.: Continuous bioaerosol monitoring in a trop- ical environment using a UV fluorescence particle spectrometer, Atmos. Sci. Lett., 12, 195-199, doi:10.1002/asl.310, 2011. · DOI
  96. Sun, J. M. and Ariya, P. A.: Atmospheric organic and bio-aerosols as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN): A review, Atmos. Environ., 40, 795-820, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.05.052, 2006. · DOI
  97. Thygesen, L. G., Rinnan, A., Barsberg, S., and Moller, J. K. S.: Sta- bilizing the PARAFAC decomposition of fluorescence spectra by insertion of zeros outside the data area, Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst., 71, 97-106, doi:10.1016/j.chemolab.2003.12.012, 2004. · DOI
  98. Tyagi, A. and Penzkofer, A.: Fluorescence spectroscopic behaviour of folic acid, Chem. Phys., 367, 83-92, doi:10.1016/j.chemphys.2009.10.026, 2010. · DOI
  99. van Wuijckhuijse, A. L., Stowers, M. A., Kleefsman, W. A., van Baar, B. L. M., Kientz, C. E., and Marijnissen, J. C. M.: Matrix- assisted laser desorption/ionisation aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of bioaerosols: development of a fast detector for airborne biological pathogens, J. Aerosol Sci., 36, 677-687, doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.11.003, 2005. · DOI
  100. Vishwasrao, H. D., Heikal, A. A., Kasischke, K. A., and Webb, W. W.: Conformational dependence of intracellular NADH on metabolic state revealed by associated fluorescence anisotropy, J. Biol. Chem., 280, 25119-25126, doi:10.1074/jbc.M502475200, 2005. · DOI
  101. Voet, D. and Voet, J. G.: Biochemistry, Bd. 1, J. Wiley & Sons, 2004.
  102. Wedborg, M., Persson, T., and Larsson, T.: On the distribution of UV-blue fluorescent organic matter in the Southern Ocean, Deep- Sea Res. Pt. I, 54, 1957-1971, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2007.07.003, 2007. · DOI
  103. Winiwarter, W., Bauer, H., Caseiro, A., and Puxbaum, H.: Quantifying emissions of primary biological aerosol par- ticle mass in Europe, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1403-1409, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.037, 2009. · DOI
  104. Wlodarski, M., Kaliszewski, M., Kwasny, M., Kopczynski, K., Zawadzki, Z., Mierczyk, Z., Mlynczak, J., Trafny, E., and Sz- pakowska, M.: Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices of se- lected biological materials, in: Optically Based Biological and Chemical Detection for Defence III, edited by: Carrano, J. C. and Zukauskas, A., Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical In- strumentation Engineers -Spie, Spie-Int Soc Optical Engineer- ing, Bellingham, U18-U29, 2006.
  105. Wos, M. and Pollard, P.: Sensitive and meaningful measures of bac- terial metabolic activity using NADH fluorescence, Water Res., 40, 2084-2092, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2006.03.020, 2006. · DOI
  106. Xu, Z., Wu, Y., Shen, F., Chen, Q., Tan, M., and Yao, M.: Bioaerosol Science, Technology, and Engineering: Past, Present, and Future, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 45, 1337-1349, doi:10.1080/02786826.2011.593591, 2011. · DOI
  107. Zepp, R. G., Sheldon, W. M., and Moran, M. A.: Dissolved organic fluorophores in southeastern US coastal waters: cor- rection method for eliminating Rayleigh and Raman scattering peaks in excitation-emission matrices, Mar. Chem., 89, 15-36, doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2004.02.006, 2004. · DOI
  108. Zipfel, W. R., Williams, R. M., Christie, R., Nikitin, A. Y., Hy- man, B. T., and Webb, W. W.: Live tissue intrinsic emission mi- croscopy using multiphoton-excited native fluorescence and sec- ond harmonic generation, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 7075- 7080, doi:10.1073/pnas.0832308100, 2003. · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Pöhlker, C., Huffman, J. A., & Pöschl, U.
Affiliations
  • Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (DE)
  • University of Denver (US)
ORCID
Venue
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Published
2012-01-09
Volume
5
Issue
1
Pages
37-71
ISSN
  • 1867-1381 (ISSN-L)
  • 1867-8548
DOI
10.5194/amt-5-37-2012
OpenAlex
W2078236700
Cited by
394
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 29 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 12
FWCI
14.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Atmospheric measurement techniques (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
  • MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
Keywords
primary biological aerosol particles, autofluorescence, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix, organic aerosol, supermicron particles, fluorescence spectroscopy, background fluorescence, single-particle fluorescence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review