Cited by 53Hydrological Forecasting Using AICryospheric studies and observationsFlood Risk Assessment and Management

Convolutional neural network and long short-term memory models for ice-jam predictions

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Madaeni, Fatemehalsadat, Chokmani, Karem, Lhissou, Rachid, Homayouni​​​​​​​, Saeid, Gauthier, Yves, Tolszczuk-Leclerc, Simon·2022·The Cryosphere

Published version of a preprint

Abstract

In cold regions, ice jams frequently result in severe flooding due to a rapid rise in water levels upstream of the jam. Sudden floods resulting from ice jams threaten human safety and cause damage to properties and infrastructure. Hence, ice-jam prediction tools can give an early warning to increase response time and minimize the possible damages. However, ice-jam prediction has always been a challenge as there is no analytical method available for this purpose. Nonetheless, ice jams form when some hydro-meteorological conditions happen, a few hours to a few days before the event. Ice-jam prediction can be addressed as a binary multivariate time-series classification. Deep learning techniques have been widely used for time-series classification in many fields such as finance, engineering, weather forecasting, and medicine. In this research, we successfully applied convolutional neural networks (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and combined convolutional–long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) networks to predict the formation of ice jams in 150 rivers in the province of Quebec (Canada). We also employed machine learning methods including support vector machine (SVM), k -nearest neighbors classifier (KNN), decision tree, and multilayer perceptron (MLP) for this purpose. The hydro-meteorological variables (e.g., temperature, precipitation, and snow depth) along with the corresponding jam or no-jam events are used as model inputs. Ten percent of the data were excluded from the model and set aside for testing, and 100 reshuffling and splitting iterations were applied to 80 % of the remaining data for training and 20 % for validation. The developed deep learning models achieved improvements in performance in comparison to the developed machine learning models. The results show that the CNN-LSTM model yields the best results in the validation and testing with F1 scores of 0.82 and 0.92, respectively. This demonstrates that CNN and LSTM models are complementary, and a combination of both further improves classification.

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Authors
Madaeni, F., Chokmani, K., Lhissou, R., Homayouni​​​​​​​, S., Gauthier, Y., & Tolszczuk-Leclerc, S.
Affiliations
  • Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (CA)
  • Natural Resources Canada (CA)
Corresponding author
  • Madaeni, Fatemehalsadat
  • Chokmani, Karem
  • Gauthier, Yves
Venue
The Cryosphere
Published
2022-04-22
Volume
16
Issue
4
Pages
1447-1468
ISSN
  • 1994-0416 (ISSN-L)
  • 1994-0424
OpenAlex
W4224229612
Cited by
51
References
87
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1
FWCI
2.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Cryosphere (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • EspaceINRS (National Institute for Scientific Research (Canada)) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Environment and Climate Change Canada
  • Natural Resources Canada
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Hydrological Forecasting Using AI
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Cryospheric studies and observations
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Flood Risk Assessment and Management
Keywords
ice jams, cold regions, river flooding, hydrometeorological variables, time series classification, convolutional neural networks, long short-term memory, CNN-LSTM hybrid model, early warning

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