Motivational and emotional profiles in university undergraduates: A self-determination theory perspective
Abstract
Previous research has focused on specific forms of self-determined motivation or discrete class-related emotions, but few studies have simultaneously examined both constructs. The aim of this study on 472 undergraduates was twofold: to perform cluster analysis to identify homogeneous groups of motivation in the sample; and to determine the profile of each cluster for emotions and academic achievement. Cluster analysis configured four groups in terms of motivation: controlled, autonomous, both high, and both low. Each cluster revealed a distinct emotional profile, autonomous motivation being the most adaptable with high scores for academic achievement and pleasant emotions and low values for unpleasant emotions. The results are discussed in the light of their implications for academic adjustment.
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Among the most commonly identified motivation profile groups are a profile with high extrinsic and low intrinsic motivation, one with low extrinsic and low intrinsic motivation, one with high extrinsic and high intrinsic motivation, and another with low extrinsic and high intrinsic motivation.
“Among the most commonly identified groups are a profile with high extrinsic and low intrinsic motivation, one with low extrinsic and low intrinsic motivation, one with high extrinsic and high intrinsic motivation, and another with low extrinsic and high intrinsic motivation.”
From The Temporary Agency Worker’s Motivation Profile Analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
Studies inspired by Self-Determination Theory have typically identified three to five profile groups.
“In general, and regardless of the field of study (i.e., psychology applied to sports, education, or job relations), studies inspired by the SDT have typically identified three to five profile groups”
From The Temporary Agency Worker’s Motivation Profile Analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
Studies' general conclusions are that individuals with more intrinsic profiles have more positive outcomes.
“Furthermore, these studies’ general conclusions are that individuals with more intrinsic profiles have more positive outcomes.”
From The Temporary Agency Worker’s Motivation Profile Analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
Intrinsic, integrated, identified, and extrinsic motivations can co-exist within the same profile.
“More important, though, was the existence of intrinsic, integrated, identified, and extrinsic motivations inside the same profile, which reinforced the belief that different types of motivation are not necessarily exclusive and can co-exist with each other [32,42].”
From The Temporary Agency Worker’s Motivation Profile Analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
The five profile groups identified do not present the same characteristics as those found in earlier profile studies.
“However, the five profile groups identified in the present sample do not present the same characteristics as those found in earlier profile studies [31,32,33,39].”
From The Temporary Agency Worker’s Motivation Profile Analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
The findings suggest it is possible to study various combinations of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, since workers can simultaneously display different types of motivation or behavioral regulation.
“In agreement with earlier studies [31,32,33,65], our findings suggest that it is possible to study various combinations of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, since workers can simultaneously display different types of motivation or behavioral regulation [66].”
From The Temporary Agency Worker’s Motivation Profile Analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
Cites
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Stability, change, and implications of students’ motivation profiles: A latent transition analysis
Gillet, N., Morin, A. J. S., & Reeve, J. (2017) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2017.08.006 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
The Temporary Agency Worker’s Motivation Profile Analysis
Sobral, F., Chambel, M. J., & Castanheira, F. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18136779 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“As suggested by González and colleagues [32], the effect that intrinsic motivations can have on the extrinsic may provide the framework for companies (agency and client companies) to design intervention programs in which TAWs can be encouraged, through an internalization process, to progress from extrinsic toward more…”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- González, A., Paoloni, V., Donolo, D., & Rinaudo, C.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (AR)
- ORCID
- Donolo, Danilo
- Venue
- The Spanish journal of psychology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1069-1080
- ISSN
- 1138-7416 (ISSN-L)
- 1988-2904
- OpenAlex
- W2064757033
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Spanish Journal of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- self-determination theory, autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, emotional profile, academic performance, academic adjustment, undergraduate students
- MeSH terms
- Achievement, Adolescent, Adult, Emotions, Humans, Male, Motivation, Psychological Theory, Students, Universities, Cluster Analysis, Personal Autonomy, Young Adult
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