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Cited by 389

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 293 of the 293 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Historical review of the causes of cancer

Open access
Blackadar, Clarke Brian·2016·World Journal of Clinical Oncology

Abstract

In the early 1900s, numerous seminal publications reported that high rates of cancer occurred in certain occupations. During this period, work with infectious agents produced only meager results which seemed irrelevant to humans. Then in the 1980s ground breaking evidence began to emerge that a variety of viruses also cause cancer in humans. There is now sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans for human T-cell lymphotrophic virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpes virus 8 according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Many other causes of cancer have also been identified by the IARC, which include: Sunlight, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, hormones, alcohol, parasites, fungi, bacteria, salted fish, wood dust, and herbs. The World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research have determined additional causes of cancer, which include beta carotene, red meat, processed meats, low fibre diets, not breast feeding, obesity, increased adult height and sedentary lifestyles. In brief, a historical review of the discoveries of the causes of human cancer is presented with extended discussions of the difficulties encountered in identifying viral causes of cancer.

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Metadata

Authors
Blackadar, C. B.
Venue
World Journal of Clinical Oncology
Published
2016
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
54
ISSN
2218-4333 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2409448100
Cited by
389
References
293
FWCI
8.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Historical review of the causes of cancer. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.5306/wjco.v7.i1.54
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Blackadar, C. B. (2016). Historical review of the causes of cancer. World Journal of Clinical Oncology. https://doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v7.i1.54

Data sources

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.