Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries are common, and there is no easily available formula for successful treatment. Incomplete injuries are most frequent. Seddon classified nerve injuries into three categories: neurapraxia, axonotmesis, and neurotmesis. After complete axonal transection, the neuron undergoes a number of degenerative processes, followed by attempts at regeneration. A distal growth cone seeks out connections with the degenerated distal fiber. The current surgical standard is epineurial repair with nylon suture. To span gaps that primary repair cannot bridge without excessive tension, nerve-cable interfascicular auto-grafts are employed. Unfortunately, results of nerve repair to date have been no better than fair, with only 50% of patients regaining useful function. There is much ongoing research regarding pharmacologic agents, immune system modulators, enhancing factors, and entubulation chambers. Clinically applicable developments from these investigations will continue to improve the results of treatment of nerve injuries.
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Physiological and histological evaluations showed no evidence of complete nerve trunk injury after acute (<10 h) implantation of HD-USEAs.
“Physiological and histological evaluations showed no evidence of complete nerve trunk injury [23] after acute (<10 h) implantation of HD-USEAs.”
From A new high-density (25 electrodes/mm<sup>2</sup>) penetrating microelectrode array for recording and stimulating sub-millimeter neuroanatomical structures (2013) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Lee, S. K., & Wolfe, S. W.
- Affiliations
- United States Air Force (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
- Published
- 2000-07
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 243-252
- ISSN
- 1067-151X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2120002445
- Cited by
- 685
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 0.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Nerve Injury and Rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Peripheral Nerve Disorders
- Keywords
- peripheral nerve injury, nerve repair, neuropraxia, axonotmesis, neurotmesis, axon transection, nerve regeneration, growth cones, nerve grafts, nerve gap bridging, immunomodulation
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Nerve Regeneration, Peripheral Nerves, Suture Techniques, Transplantation, Autologous, Transplantation, Homologous, Injury Severity Score, Nerve Transfer, Treatment Outcome, Recovery of Function, Peripheral Nerve Injuries
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