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Cited by 2Iron Metabolism and DisordersPlant Micronutrient Interactions and EffectsMoringa oleifera research and applications

Iron Deficiency Anemia: Cause, Plant Based Iron, Fortification and Impact on Lifestyle and Socioeconomic Parameters

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Ahmad, Saira, Bader Ul Ain, Huma, Tufail, Tabussam, Nasir, Makia, Qamar, Aiza, Mushtaq, Zunaira·2022·Pakistan BioMedical Journal
DOI 10.54393/pbmj.v5i3.336
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Abstract

Micronutrient deficiency is prevelant in both high income and low-income countries globally causing major health issues, especially iron deficiency which causes hypoproliferative microcytic anemia. Iron deficieny anemiais effecting more than two billion population on earth especially pregnant woman, infants and woman of reproductive. Iron plays a key role in the formation of red blood cells and reactions occurring in the human body. Food is one of the best and safe options to prevent and cure iron deficiency anemia. In the present study, we highlighted different foods with special reference to plant-based foods for the treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemia. Literature revealed that major cereal flours, cumin seeds, green leafy vegetables, moringa leaves, papaya with supplements, beet root, apples, pomegranate, bael, sugar molasses and berries are best sources of iron due to presence of ascorbic acid. Prebiotics and probiotics fortification can also increase the iron absorption in the gut by providing optimum pH for absorption. In addition to change in dietary patterns, fortification of major crops, flours and salt should be made mandatory by as in many countries. Moreover, Iron fortified formulas, complementary food, beverages, baked items (cookies) and confectionary are best ways to prevent and cure iron deficiency anemia in children and adults. Similarly, sugar molasses from sugar industry is one of the superabundant sources of iron which can be used as supplement for value addition. However, human research is required to check the efficacy of fortified products to prevent iron deficiency anemia in future generations.

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  • High iron concentration of pomegranates aids in synthesis of red blood cells, combating iron deficiency anemia.

    “The high iron concentration of pomegranates aids in the synthesis of red blood cells, hence combating iron deficiency anemia.”

    From Valorization of Pomegranate and Banana By-products into Value-added Products: Influence on Physicochemical, Rheological, and Consumer Attributes (2025) · cites this paper as Ahmad et al., 2022

    The paper’s Abstract says iron is essential for erythropoiesis (red blood cell production) and discusses dietary iron in preventing iron-deficiency anemia. It does not say that pomegranates have a high iron concentration or that eating them combats the condition (searched: pomegranate and pomegranate iron concentration). (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Taking pomegranate with iron-rich foods enhances iron absorption due to its ascorbic acid concentration.

    “Taking it with iron-rich foods also enhances iron absorption due to its ascorbic acid concentration (Ahmad et al., 2022).”

    From Valorization of Pomegranate and Banana By-products into Value-added Products: Influence on Physicochemical, Rheological, and Consumer Attributes (2025) · cites this paper as Ahmad et al., 2022

    The Abstract discusses dietary iron and factors affecting absorption, but does not say that pomegranate taken with iron-rich foods enhances absorption. Searches for “pomegranate” and for ascorbic acid or vitamin C as an absorption enhancer found no passage in our copy establishing the pomegranate-specific claim; a vitamin C–iron combination appears only in a reference title. (LLM, conf=0.72)

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Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. Camaschella C. New insights into iron de ciency and i r o n d e c i e n c y a n e m i a . B l o o d R e v . 2017.31(4):225-233.doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2017.02.00 · DOI
  2. Clifford J, Niebaum K and Bellows L. Iron: an essential nutrient (Doctoral dissertation, Colorado State University. Libraries). 2015. https://extension.colostate.edu/docs/pubs/foodnut /09356.pdf
  3. Moustarah F & Mohiuddin SS. Dietary Iron. In S t a t P e a r l s . S t a t P e a r l s P u b l i s h i n g . 2 0 2 0 . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31082013/
  4. Abbaspour N, Hurrell R and Kelishadi R. Review on iron and its importance for human health. Journal of research in medical sciences: the o cial journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.2014. 19(2):164. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC399 9603/
  5. Turner J, Parsi M and Badireddy M. Anemia. S t a t P e a r l s . 2 0 2 1 . N C B I P M I D : 29763170https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK 499994/
  6. Shah T, Warsi J and Laghari Z. Effect of Maternal Anemia on the Anthropometric Indices of Newborn. JLUMHS.2020a. 19(3): 191-194. https://www.lumhs.edu.pk/jlumhs/Vol19No03/10.pd
  7. Nutrit.2018.27(1): 195-203. doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.042017.14. 29222899. · DOI
  8. Paul P, Maiti D and Adhikary T. Iron de ciency anemia- An updated overview. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2021. 6(4): 28-33. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3544472
  9. Kayande S, Patil S and Ansari IT. Herbal remedies and dietary supplement during menstrual cycle. 2021. 1 ( 2 ) : 3 8 -4 4 . h t t p s : / / d i m p s . i n / w p - content/uploads/2021/09/DIMPS _01_02_04- Shivhari-Shruti.pdf

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Authors
Ahmad, S., Bader Ul Ain, H., Tufail, T., Nasir, M., Qamar, A., & Mushtaq, Z.
Affiliations
  • University of Lahore (PK)
  • University of Home Economics (PK)
  • Riphah International University (PK)
ORCID
Tufail, Tabussam
Venue
Pakistan BioMedical Journal
Publisher
CrossLinks International Publishers
Published
2022-03-31
Pages
18-23
ISSN
  • 2709-278X (ISSN-L)
  • 2709-2798
DOI
10.54393/pbmj.v5i3.336
OpenAlex
W4223997002
Cited by
1
References
72
Citations by year
2026: 1
FWCI
0.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
Pakistan BioMedical Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Moringa oleifera research and applications
Keywords
iron deficiency anemia, iron fortification, iron absorption, vitamin C, molasses, probiotics and prebiotics, cereal flour, leafy vegetables, Moringa, iron supplementation, socio-economic impacts, micronutrient deficiency, pregnant women, children

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