Prevalence of anemia in persons 65 years and older in the United States: evidence for a high rate of unexplained anemia
Open accessAbstract
Clinicians frequently identify anemia in their older patients, but national data on the prevalence and causes of anemia in this population in the United States have been unavailable. Data presented here are from the noninstitutionalized US population assessed in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Anemia was defined by World Health Organization criteria; causes of anemia included iron, folate, and B12 deficiencies, renal insufficiency, anemia of chronic inflammation (ACI), formerly termed anemia of chronic disease, and unexplained anemia (UA). ACI by definition required normal iron stores with low circulating iron (less than 60 μg/dL). After age 50 years, anemia prevalence rates rose rapidly, to a rate greater than 20% at age 85 and older. Overall, 11.0% of men and 10.2% of women 65 years and older were anemic. Of older persons with anemia, evidence of nutrient deficiency was present in one third, ACI or chronic renal disease or both was present in one third, and UA was present in one third. Most occurrences of anemia were mild; 2.8% of women and 1.6% of men had hemoglobin levels lower than 110 g/L (11 g/dL). Therefore, anemia is common, albeit not severe, in the older population, and a substantial proportion of anemia is of indeterminate cause. The impact of anemia on quality of life, recovery from illness, and functional abilities must be further investigated in older persons.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A high percentage (almost 30%) of elderly patients with CVD exhibit idiopathic anemia.
“Moreover, a high percentage (almost 30%) of these patients exhibit idiopathic anemia (77) that may be caused by blood loss due to repetitive blood tests and surgical interventions, as well as occult bleeding (mainly in the gastrointestinal tract) during hospitalization.”
From Red Blood Cell Function and Dysfunction: Redox Regulation, Nitric Oxide Metabolism, Anemia (2017) · cites this paper as [77]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Prediction of Creatinine Clearance from Serum Creatinine
Cockcroft, D. W., & Gault, H. (2008) · The Nephron journals/Nephron journals · doi:10.1159/000180580 · Cited by 15,291 · see citing works
Nemeth, E., Rivera, S., Gabayan, V., Keller, C., Taudorf, S., Pedersen, B. K., & Ganz, T. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200420945 · Cited by 2,650 · see citing works
Neuropsychiatric Disorders Caused by Cobalamin Deficiency in the Absence of Anemia or Macrocytosis
Lindenbaum, J., Healton, E. B., Savage, D. G., Brust, J. C. M., Garrett, T. J., Podell, E. R., Margell, P. D., Stabler, S. P., & Allen, R. H. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198806303182604 · Cited by 1,300 · see citing works
Prevalence of Iron Deficiency in the United States
Looker, A. C. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540360041028 · Cited by 1,137 · see citing works
Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology.
(1991) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-817_6 · Cited by 1,056 · see citing works
Testosterone dose-response relationships in healthy young men
Bhasin, S., Woodhouse, L., Casaburi, R., Singh, A. B., Bhasin, D., Berman, N., Chen, X., Yarasheski, K. E., Magliano, L., Dzekov, C., et al. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.6.e1172 · Cited by 967 · see citing works
Blood Transfusion in Elderly Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Wu, W. C., Rathore, S. S., Wang, Y., Radford, M. J., & Krumholz, H. M. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa010615 · Cited by 935 · see citing works
Ezekowitz, J. A., McAlister, F. A., & Armstrong, P. W. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000052622.51963.fc · Cited by 866 · see citing works
Silverberg, D. S., Wexler, D., Sheps, D. S., Blum, M., Keren, G., Baruch, R., Schwartz, D., Yachnin, T., Steinbruch, S., Shapira, I., et al. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01248-7 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
Weinstein, D. A., Roy, C. N., Fleming, M. D., Loda, M. F., Wolfsdorf, J. I., & Andrews, N. C. (2002) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2002-04-1260 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Evaluation of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Patients with Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Rockey, D. C., & Cello, J. P. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199312023292303 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
The Definition of Anemia in Older Persons
Izaks, G. J. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.18.1714 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Epidemiologic studies utilizing surveys: accounting for the sampling design.
Korn, E. L., & Graubard, B. I. (1991) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.81.9.1166 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Heaney, M. L., & Golde, D. W. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199905273402107 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Gunter, E. W., Lewis, B. G., & Koncikowski, S. M. (1996) · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Kuriyam, S., Tomonari, H., Yoshida, H., et al. (2008) · The Nephron journals/Nephron journals · doi:10.1159/000190270 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Anemia of inflammation: the cytokine-hepcidin link
Andrews, N. C. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci21441 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Anemia and decline in physical performance among older persons
Penninx, B. W. J. H., Guralnik, J. M., Onder, G., Ferrucci, L., Wallace, R. B., & Pahor, M. (2003) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(03)00263-8 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence and causes of anemia in the United States, 1976 to 1980
Dallman, P. R., Yip, R., & Johnson, C. (1984) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/39.3.437 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Chaves, P. H. M., Ashar, B. H., Guralnik, J. M., & Fried, L. P. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50313.x · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Self-citationHayashi, T., Suzuki, A., Shoji, T., Togawa, M., Okada, N., Tsubakihara, Y., Imai, E., & Hori, M. (2000) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1016/s0272-6386(00)70334-9 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Anemia and Hemoglobin Levels in Older Persons: Relationship with Age, Gender, and Health Status
Salive, M. E., Cornoni‐Huntley, J. C., Guralnik, J. M., Phillips, C. L., Wallace, R. B., Ostfeld, A. M., & Cohen, H. J. (1992) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb02017.x · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence and Causes of Anaemia in a Geriatric Hospitalized Population
Joosten, E., Pelemans, W., Hiele, M. I., Noyen, J., Verhaeghe, R., & Boogaerts, M. A. (2009) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000213315 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Hip Fractures among the Elderly: Factors Associated with In-Hospital Mortality
Myers, A. H., Robinson, E. G., Natta, M. L. V., et al. (1991) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116016 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Intravenous Iron and Erythropoietin for Anemia Associated with Crohn Disease
Gasché, C., Dejaco, C., Waldhoer, T., Tillinger, W., Reinisch, W., Fueger, G. F., Gangl, A., & Lochs, H. H. (1997) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-126-10-199705150-00006 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Johnson-Spear, M., & Yip, R. (1994) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/60.1.117 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Iron Nutrition Does Not Account for the Hemoglobin Differences between Blacks and Whites
Perry, G. S., Perry, G. S., Byers, T., et al. (1992) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/122.7.1417 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
The roles of inflammation and iron deficiency as causes of anemia
Yip, R., & Dallman, P. R. (1988) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/48.5.1295 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Five‐Year Survival of Older People with Anemia: Variation with Hemoglobin Concentration
Kikuchi, M., Inagaki, T., & Shinagawa, N. (2001) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49241.x · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Unexplained Anemia in the Nursing Home
Artz, A. S., Fergusson, D. A., Drinka, P. J., Gerald, M., Bidenbender, R., Lechich, A. J., Silverstone, F. A., Mccamish, M. A., Dai, J., Keller, E. T., et al. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52116.x · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Prevalence of Anemia in Medical Practice: Community Versus Referral Patients
Anía, B. J., Suman, V. J., Fairbanks, V. F., & Melton, L. J. (1994) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)61089-1 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
The Use of Homocysteine and Other Metabolites in the Specific Diagnosis of Vitamin B-12 Deficiency
Stabler, S. P., Lindenbaum, J., & Allen, R. H. (1996) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/126.suppl_4.1266s · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Sears, D. A. (1992) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30340-6 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
İnelmen, E., D'Alessio, M., Gatto, M. R., Baggio, M. B., Jiménez, G. G., Bizzotto, M., & Enzi, G. (1994) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03324220 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Timiras, M., & Brownstein, H. (1987) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1987.tb04340.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Ganz, T. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Peeters, H., Jongen‐Lavrencic, M., Vreugdenhil, G., & Swaak, A. J. G. (1996) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.55.10.739 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Pan, W., & Habicht, J. (1991) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116046 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Nilsson‐Ehle, H., JAGENBURG, R., Landahl, S., et al. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Disordered Hematopoiesis and Myelodysplasia in the Elderly
Rothstein, G. (2003) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.51.3s.3.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology
Ouslander, J. (1989) · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Haematological Abnormalities and Reference Intervals in the Elderly
Nilsson‐Ehle, H., JAGENBURG, R., Landahl, S., et al. (1988) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb19632.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Jackson, R. T. (1990) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/0306-9877(90)90121-t · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Chua, E. (1999) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/92.10.587 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Gunter, E. W., Turner, W. E., & Huff, D. L. (1989) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/35.8.1601 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Primary Myelodysplasia: Management and Outcome at 3 Years in 45 Patients Age 65 and Older
Gentric, A., Malo, J. P., & Marion, V. (2001) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49266.x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Korn EL, Graubard BI. Epidemiologic studies uti- lizing surveys: accounting for the sampling de- sign. Am J Public Health. 1991;81:1166-1173.
- Smith D. Management and treatment of anemia in the elderly. Clin Geriatr. 2002;10:47-53.
- Chua E, Clague JE, Sharma AK, Horan MA, Lom- bard M. Serum tranferrin receptor assay in iron deficiency anaemia and anaemia of chronc dis- ease in the elderly. Q J Med. 1999;92:587-594.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Leptin and Obesity: Role and clinical implication.
Obradovic, M., Sudar-Milovanovic, E., Soskic, S., Essack, M., Arya, S., Stewart, A. J., Gojobori, T., & Isenovic, E. R. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.585887 · Cited by 1,121 · see citing works
Human bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells are increased in frequency and myeloid-biased with age
Pang, W. W., Price, E. A., Sahoo, D., Beerman, I., Maloney, W. J., Rossi, D. J., Schrier, S. L., & Weissman, I. L. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1116110108 · Cited by 991 · see citing works
Kell, D. B. (2009) · BMC Medical Genomics · doi:10.1186/1755-8794-2-2 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Red Blood Cell Function and Dysfunction: Redox Regulation, Nitric Oxide Metabolism, Anemia
Kuhn, V., Diederich, L., Keller, T. C. S., Kramer, C. M., Lückstädt, W., Panknin, C., Suvorava, T., Isakson, B. E., Kelm, M., & Cortese-Krott, M. M. (2017) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2016.6954 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Hepcidin and disorders of iron metabolism
Ganz, T., & Nemeth, E. (2011) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-050109-142444 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Buscarlet, M., Provost, S., Zada, Y. F., Barhdadi, A., Bourgoin, V., Lépine, G., Mollica, L., Szuber, N., Dubé, M.-P., & Busque, L. (2017) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2017-04-777029 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Disordered Iron Homeostasis in Chronic Heart Failure
Okonko, D. O., Mandal, A. K. J., Missouris, C. G., & Poole-Wilson, P. A. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.04.040 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Bogeska, R., Mikecin, A.-M., Kaschutnig, P., Fawaz, M., Büchler-Schäff, M., Le, D., Ganuza, M., Vollmer, A., Paffenholz, S. V., Asada, N., et al. (2022) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2022.06.012 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Immune cells and inflammation in AKI to CKD progression
Sato, Y., & Yanagita, M. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00195.2018 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Proinflammatory state, hepcidin, and anemia in older persons
Ferrucci, L., Semba, R. D., Guralnik, J. M., Ershler, W. B., Bandinelli, S., Patel, K. V., Sun, K., Woodman, R. C., Andrews, N. C., Cotter, R. J., et al. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2009-02-201087 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Self-citationFabbri, E., An, Y., Zoli, M., Simonsick, E. M., Guralnik, J. M., Bandinelli, S., Boyd, C. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2015) · The Journals of Gerontology: Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glu127 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationProinflammatory state and circulating erythropoietin in persons with and without anemia
Ferrucci, L., Guralnik, J. M., Woodman, R. C., Bandinelli, S., Lauretani, F., Corsi, A. M., Chaves, P. H. M., Ershler, W. B., & Longo, D. L. (2005) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.06.039 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of Testosterone Levels With Anemia in Older Men: A Controlled Clinical Trial
Roy, C. N., Snyder, P. J., Stephens-Shields, A. J., Artz, A. S., Bhasin, S., Cohen, H. J., Farrar, J. T., Gill, T. M., Zeldow, B., Cella, D., et al. (2017) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.9540 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Androgens and erythropoiesis: past and present
Shahani, S., Braga-Basaria, M., Maggio, M., & Basaria, S. (2009) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03345745 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Regulators of health and lifespan extension in genetically diverse mice on dietary restriction
Di Francesco, A., Deighan, A. G., Litichevskiy, L., Chen, Z., Luciano, A., Robinson, L., Garland, G., Donato, H., Schott, W., Wright, K. M., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1101/2023.11.28.568901 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
The neglected significance of “antioxidative stress”
Poljsak, B., & Milisav, I. (2012) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2012/480895 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Wouters, H. J. C. M., van der Klauw, M. M., de Witte, T., Stauder, R., Swinkels, D. W., Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R., & Huls, G. (2019) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2018.195552 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Fairweather-Tait, S. J., Wawer, A. A., Gillings, R., Jennings, A., & Myint, P. K. (2014) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2013.11.005 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Roos, A., Linn-Rasker, S. P., van Domburg, R. T., Tijssen, J. P., & Berghout, A. (2005) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.165.15.1714 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Ferrucci, L., Guralnik, J. M., Bandinelli, S., Semba, R. D., Lauretani, F., Corsi, A., Ruggiero, C., Ershler, W. B., & Longo, D. L. (2007) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06502.x · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationHypothyroidism in the elderly: diagnosis and management
Bensenor, I., Lotufo, P., & Diaz-Olmos (2012) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s23966 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Stem cells and aging in the hematopoietic system
Warren, L. A., & Rossi, D. J. (2009) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2008.03.010 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Perlstein, T. S., Pande, R., Berliner, N., & Vanasse, G. J. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-09-309708 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Honda, T., Pun, V. C., Manjourides, J., & Suh, H. (2017) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.017 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Adamu, A. L., Crampin, A., Kayuni, N., Amberbir, A., Koole, O., Phiri, A., Nyirenda, M., & Fine, P. (2017) · Population Health Metrics · doi:10.1186/s12963-017-0128-2 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The Nlrp3 inflammasome as a “rising star” in studies of normal and malignant hematopoiesis
Ratajczak, M. Z., Bujko, K., Cymer, M., Thapa, A., Adamiak, M., Ratajczak, J., Abdel-Latif, A. K., & Kucia, M. (2020) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/s41375-020-0827-8 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Anemia or low hemoglobin levels preceding Parkinson disease: A case-control study
Savica, R., Grossardt, B. R., Carlin, J. M., Icen, M., Bower, J. H., Ahlskog, J. E., Maraganore, D. M., Steensma, D. P., & Rocca, W. A. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181bd80c1 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Recent Progress in Space Physiology and Aging
Strollo, F., Gentile, S., Strollo, G., Mambro, A., & Vernikos, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01551 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Hemoglobin, Anemia, and Cognitive Function: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Schneider, A. L. C., Jonassaint, C., Sharrett, A. R., Mosley, T. H., Astor, B. C., Selvin, E., Coresh, J., & Gottesman, R. F. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glv158 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Management of anemia of inflammation in the elderly
Macciò, A., & Madeddu, C. (2012) · Anemia · doi:10.1155/2012/563251 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Elbarbary, M., Honda, T., Morgan, G., Guo, Y., Guo, Y., Kowal, P., & Negin, J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17093209 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Geriatric Nephrology: Responding to a Growing Challenge
Rosner, M., Abdel-Rahman, E., & Williams, M. E. (2010) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.08731209 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Kim, S. Y., Kim, K. N., Jeong, M. A., Lee, B. S., & Lim, H. J. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251712 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Wang, M., Wang, X., Cui, W., Zhu, G., Liang, Y., Chen, X., & Jin, T. (2022) · Environmental Geochemistry and Health · doi:10.1007/s10653-021-01129-0 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in patients undergoing bariatric surgery
Khanbhai, M., Dubb, S., Patel, K., Ahmed, A., & Richards, T. (2015) · Obesity Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2013.12.004 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Gao, K., Chen, X., Zhang, L., Yao, Y., Chen, W., Zhang, H., Han, Y., Xue, T., Wang, J., Lu, L., et al. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151520 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Vieira, C. L. Z., Garshick, E., Alvares, D., Schwartz, J., Huang, S., Vokonas, P., Gold, D. R., & Koutrakis, P. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105735 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ahmad, S., Bader Ul Ain, H., Tufail, T., Nasir, M., Qamar, A., & Mushtaq, Z. (2022) · Pakistan BioMedical Journal · doi:10.54393/pbmj.v5i3.336 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Guralnik, J. M., Eisenstaedt, R. S., Ferrucci, L., Klein, H. G., & Woodman, R. C.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Blood
- Publisher
- American Society of Hematology
- Published
- 2004-10-15
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2263-2268
- ISSN
- 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-0020
- OpenAlex
- W2155296700
- Cited by
- 1,450
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 73 · 2016: 84 · 2015: 97 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 73 · 2012: 72
- FWCI
- 22.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Blood (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Hematological disorders and diagnostics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Erythropoietin and Anemia Treatment
- Keywords
- anemia, older adults, prevalence, unexplained anemia, anemia of chronic disease, iron deficiency, folate deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, renal failure, chronic kidney disease, hemoglobin levels, NHANES III, quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Anemia, Ethnicity, Female, Hemoglobins, Humans, Male, Sex Characteristics, United States, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
