Cited by 2,385Social Power and Status DynamicsManagement and Organizational StudiesSocial and Intergroup Psychology

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8 Social Hierarchy: The Self‐Reinforcing Nature of Power and Status

Magee, Joe C., Galinsky, Adam D.·2008·Academy of Management Annals

DOI 10.5465/19416520802211628

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Abstract

Hierarchy is such a defining and pervasive feature of organizations that its forms and basic functions are often taken for granted in organizational research. In this review, we revisit some basic psychological and sociological elements of hierarchy and argue that status and power are two important yet distinct bases of hierarchical differentiation. We first define power and status and distinguish our definitions from previous conceptualizations. We then integrate a number of different literatures to explain why status and power hierarchies tend to be self‐reinforcing. Power, related to one’s control over valued resources, transforms individual psychology such that the powerful think and act in ways that lead to the retention and acquisition of power. Status, related to the respect one has in the eyes of others, generates expectations for behavior and opportunities for advancement that favor those with a prior status advantage. We also explore the role that hierarchy‐enhancing belief systems play in stabilizing hierarchy, both from the bottom up and from the top down. Finally, we address a number of factors that we think are instrumental in explaining the conditions under which hierarchies change. Our framework suggests a number of avenues for future research on the bases, causes, and consequences of hierarchy in groups and organizations.

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Self-citation

Authors: Magee, J. C., & Galinsky, A. D.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
Corresponding author: Magee, Joe C.
ORCID: Magee, Joe C.
Galinsky, Adam D.
Venue: Academy of Management Annals
Publisher: Academy of Management
Published: 2008-01
Volume: 2
Issue: 1
Pages: 351-398
ISSN: 1941-6067 (ISSN-L)
1941-6520
DOI: 10.5465/19416520802211628
OpenAlex: W4237123392
Cited by: 2,385
References: 223
Citations by year: 2026: 153 · 2025: 189 · 2024: 193 · 2023: 176 · 2022: 220 · 2021: 170 · 2020: 185 · 2019: 205 · 2018: 144 · 2017: 152 · 2016: 125 · 2015: 104 · 2014: 109 · 2013: 81 · 2012: 63
FWCI: 132.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Academy of Management Annals (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management and Organizational Studies
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords: social hierarchy, power, status, power hierarchies, organizational hierarchy, belief systems, resource control, status expectations

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8 Social Hierarchy: The Self‐Reinforcing Nature of Power and Status

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