The DOI matches its Crossref record; 171 of the 171 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
10 Sociomateriality: Challenging the Separation of Technology, Work and Organization
Abstract
We begin by juxtaposing the pervasive presence of technology in organizational work with its absence from the organization studies literature. Our analysis of four leading journals in the field confirms that over 95% of the articles published in top management research outlets do not take into account the role of technology in organizational life. We then examine the research that has been done on technology, and categorize this literature into two research streams according to their view of technology: discrete entities or mutually dependent ensembles. For each stream, we discuss three existing reviews spanning the last three decades of scholarship to highlight that while there have been many studies and approaches to studying organizational interactions and implications of technology, empirical research has produced mixed and often‐conflicting results. Going forward, we suggest that further work is needed to theorize the fusion of technology and work in organizations, and that additional perspectives are needed to add to the palette of concepts in use. To this end, we identify a promising emerging genre of research that we refer to under the umbrella term: sociomateriality. Research framed according to the tenets of a sociomaterial approach challenges the deeply taken‐for‐granted assumption that technology, work, and organizations should be conceptualized separately, and advances the view that there is an inherent inseparability between the technical and the social. We discuss the intellectual motivation for proposing a sociomaterial research approach and point to some common themes evident in recent studies. We conclude by suggesting that a reconsideration of conventional views of technology may help us more effectively study and understand the multiple, emergent, and dynamic sociomaterial configurations that constitute contemporary organizational practices.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Rather, the study embraces the relational ontology of sociomaterialism which posits that the organizational (i.e., BDA management), physical (i.e., IT infrastructure), and human (e.g., analytics skill or knowledge) dimensions are so interwoven that it is difficult to measure their individual contributions in isolation (Orlikowski and Scott, 2008).”
From How to improve firm performance using big data analytics capability and business strategy alignment? (2016) · cites this paper as Orlikowski and Scott, 2008
Citations
Cites
Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology
Davis, F. D. (1989) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/249008 · Cited by 68,483
(1994) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/0002-8223(94)92216-0 · Cited by 46,726
Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity
McIntosh, M., & Butler, J. (1991) · Feminist Review · doi:10.2307/1395391 · Cited by 29,314
(1999) · Cited by 28,356
Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity
Wenger, E. (1998) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511803932 · Cited by 23,500
The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception
Bornstein, M. H., & Gibson, J. J. (1980) · The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism · doi:10.2307/429816 · Cited by 22,935
Austin, J. L. (1975) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198245537.001.0001 · Cited by 21,496
(1984) · Cited by 21,166
(1993) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/0002-8223(93)91697-o · Cited by 18,452
Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory
Latour, B. (2005) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199256044.001.0001 · Cited by 16,778
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Jones M.R., 1998, Information systems: Current issues and future challenges, 287
- Trist E.L., 1981, Perspectives on Organizational Design and Behavior, 19
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,527
Models as Strategic Actants in Innovative Architecture
Naar, L., & Clegg, S. R. (2016) · Journal of Management Inquiry · doi:10.1177/1056492616682619 · Cited by 12
de Araújo, R. M., Fornazin, M., & Pimentel, M. G. (2017) · iSys - Brazilian Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.5753/isys.2017.351 · Cited by 12
Situated valuations: Affordances of management technologies in organizations
Hauge, A. M. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Management · doi:10.1016/j.scaman.2018.06.001 · Cited by 14
Worker/Smartphone Hybrids: The Daily Enactments of Late Capitalism
Mazmanian, M. (2018) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0893318918811080 · Cited by 12
Realizing the Benefits from Enterprise Information Systems: A Sociomaterial Perspective
Anaya, L. A. (2013) · Procedia Technology · doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2013.12.052 · Cited by 12
From Research Evaluation to Research Analytics. The digitization of academic performance measurement
Krüger, A. K., & Petersohn, S. (2022) · Valuation Studies · doi:10.3384/vs.2001-5992.2022.9.1.11-46 · Cited by 11
Tibau, M., Siqueira, S. W. M., & Nunes, B. P. (2023) · Library & Information Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.lisr.2022.101222 · Cited by 11
Die Geteiltheit virtueller Situationen
Roth, P., & Laut-Berger, C. (2023) · Zeitschrift für Soziologie · doi:10.1515/zfsoz-2023-2003 · Cited by 11
A knowledge management system for sharing knowledge about cultural heritage projects
Nova, N., González, R. A., Beltrán, L. C. B., & Nieto, C. E. (2023) · Journal of Cultural Heritage · doi:10.1016/j.culher.2023.07.013 · Cited by 20
Scheibmayr, I., & Reichel, A. (2023) · Academy of Management Discoveries · doi:10.5465/amd.2022.0091 · Cited by 12
Introduction: The Posthumanist Epistemology of Practice Theory
Cozza, M., & Gherardi, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-42276-8_1 · Cited by 11
Guile, D., & Popov, J. (2024) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-024-01891-6 · Cited by 15
Moradi, M., Hepsø, V., & Schiefloe, P. M. (2024) · Journal of Innovation & Knowledge · doi:10.1016/j.jik.2024.100523 · Cited by 14
Between Humans and Machines: The social construction of the generative AI category
Grodal, S., Ha, J., Hood, E., & Rajunov, M. (2024) · Organization Theory · doi:10.1177/26317877241275125 · Cited by 12
Barton, H. J., Harris, M. T., Rogers, C. C., Lange-Morales, K., Thatcher, A., Newman, L. C., Wooldridge, A. R., Rogers, W., Montague, E., Werner, N. E., et al. (2025) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2025.2450726 · Cited by 8
Arthur-Holmes, F., & Matey, P. D. (2025) · Journal of Rural Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103594 · Cited by 11
Phillips, N., Lawrence, T. B., Caza, B. B., et al. (2025) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.13247 · Cited by 11
The structuring of information through search: sorting waste with Google
Haider, J. (2016) · Aslib Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1108/ajim-12-2015-0189 · Cited by 11
Jahnke, I., Riedel, N., Popescu, M., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Nursing Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2021.05.011 · Cited by 11
Die Schule als digitale Bewertungsfiguration?
Jarke, J., & Breiter, A. (2021) · MedienPädagogik Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung · doi:10.21240/mpaed/44/2021.11.01.x · Cited by 11
Context, Embeddedness and Routine Dynamics
Howard-Grenville, J. A., & Lodge, J. S. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993340.020 · Cited by 13
Creating Public Value Through Inter-Organizational Collaboration and Information Technologies
Picazo-Vela, S., Luna, D. E., Gil-García, J. R., & Luna‐Reyes, L. F. (2021) · International Journal of Electronic Government Research · doi:10.4018/ijegr.288069 · Cited by 11
Harrison, D., Munksgaard, K. B., & Prenkert, F. (2022) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12650 · Cited by 11
Matter and Method: The Quest for a New‐Materialist Methodology in Management Studies
Benozzo, A., Distinto, M., & Priola, V. (2023) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12775 · Cited by 11
Social networking technologies and organizational knowledge sharing as a sociotechnical ecology
Jarrahi, M. H., & Sawyer, S. (2012) · doi:10.1145/2141512.2141552 · Cited by 11
Ulrich, F., Mengiste, S. A., & Müller, S. D. (2015) · Communications of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1cais.03747 · Cited by 11
Digital calendars for flexible organizational routines
Akoumianakis, D., & Ktistakis, G. (2017) · Journal of Enterprise Information Management · doi:10.1108/jeim-01-2016-0023 · Cited by 11
The emergence of digitalisation in the context of health care
Mihailescu, M., & Mihailescu, D. (2018) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · doi:10.24251/hicss.2018.387 · Cited by 12
Actors, Actor Engagement and Value Creation
Nenonen, S., & Storbacka, K. (2018) · Journal of Creating Value · doi:10.1177/2394964318809172 · Cited by 11
Einola, S., Kohtamäki, M., & Hietikko, H. (2019) · Technology Innovation Management Review · doi:10.22215/timreview/1267 · Cited by 11
Sociomaterial relations and adaptive space in routine performance
Paananen, S. (2020) · Management Learning · doi:10.1177/1350507619896079 · Cited by 13
Unbundling practice: the unbundling of big deal journal packages as an information practice
Ivanov, A., Johnson, C. A., & Cassady, S. (2020) · J. Documentation · doi:10.1108/jd-09-2019-0187 · Cited by 13
Clarke, R., Davison, R. M., & Jia, W. (2020) · Information Technology and People · doi:10.1108/itp-04-2019-0189 · Cited by 11
Sefyrin, J., Gustafsson, M. S., & Wihlborg, E. (2021) · Science and Public Policy · doi:10.1093/scipol/scab048 · Cited by 12
A sociomaterial perspective on epistemic objects in design practice
Beltagui, A., Bell, A., & Candi, M. (2023) · Design Studies · doi:10.1016/j.destud.2023.101201 · Cited by 15
Michaux, V., & Geffroy‐Maronnat, B. (2011) · Systèmes d information & management · doi:10.3917/sim.111.0113 · Cited by 11
Hassan, N. R. (2016) · ACM SIGMIS Database the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems · doi:10.1145/3025099.3025101 · Cited by 11
Locating information systems in the freedom of information process
Stratton, C., & Carter, D. (2023) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2023.101807 · Cited by 11
From waste to value? Valuation and materiality in geographies of industrial by-product use
Angstmann, M. (2024) · Progress in Economic Geography · doi:10.1016/j.peg.2024.100034 · Cited by 10
Making Materials Matter—A Contribution to a Sociomaterial Perspective on Work Environment
Abildgaard, J. S., & Nickelsen, N. C. M. (2013) · Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies · doi:10.19154/njwls.v3i4.3073 · Cited by 10
Lichy, J., & Ng, W. (2022) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121948 · Cited by 10
Carlsson, S., Flensner, K. K., Svensson, L. G., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Information and Learning Technology · doi:10.1108/ijilt-03-2022-0064 · Cited by 10
Korhonen, T., Lindqvist, T., Laine, J., & Hakkarainen, K. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-09687-7_12 · Cited by 15
BinSaeed, R. H., Grigorescu, A., Yousaf, Z., Radu, F., Nassani, A. A., & Tăbîrcă, A. I. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su151310090 · Cited by 10
A Cognitive Method for Comparing and Elaborating on Technology Frames
Ghobadi, S., & Mathiassen, L. (2023) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12752 · Cited by 11
Beyond Interpretivism? New Encounters with Technology and Organization
Introna, L., Kavanagh, D., Kelly, S., et al. (2016) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49733-4 · Cited by 10
Self-citationFrom public ideology to socio-material reproduction of agile principles: The case of pivotal labs
Wagner, E. L., Newell, S., Ramiller, N. C., & Enders, J. (2018) · Information and Organization · doi:10.1016/j.infoandorg.2018.10.002 · Cited by 11
Demir, F., Kim, S. M., Current, N., et al. (2019) · Management in Education · doi:10.1177/0892020619847681 · Cited by 10
Enacting the Logic of Possibility in Organizations and Management1
Feldman, M. S., & Sengupta, P. (2020) · Perspectives on Public Management and Governance · doi:10.1093/ppmgov/gvz033 · Cited by 12
Technology Intense Workplaces, Boundary Preferences and Work–Life Conflict: Evidence from Sri Lanka
Alwis, S. D., & Hernwall, P. (2020) · South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management · doi:10.1177/2322093720965326 · Cited by 10
Open government data platforms – A complex adaptive sociomaterial systems perspective
Marjanovic, O., & Ćećez-Kecmanović, D. (2020) · Information and Organization · doi:10.1016/j.infoandorg.2020.100323 · Cited by 10
Anaya, L. A. (2022) · International journal of information systems and project management · doi:10.12821/ijispm020203 · Cited by 10
Don’t throw rocks from the side-lines
Daniel, E. M., Hartnett, E., & Meadows, M. (2017) · Information Technology and People · doi:10.1108/itp-02-2015-0036 · Cited by 12
Collective Information System Use:: A Typological Theory
Negoita, B., Lapointe, L., & Rivard, S. (2018) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 10
Simpson, A. V., Cunha, M. P. E., & Clegg, S. R. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Management · doi:10.1016/j.scaman.2015.03.001 · Cited by 11
Digital Development: Reimagining Research Beyond ICT4D
Sahay, S., Srivastava, S. C., Barrett, M. I., Davison, R. M., Madon, S., Schlagwein, D., Brown, I., & Sarker, S. (2025) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2025.editorial.v36.n3 · Cited by 16
Not all forms of artificial intelligence are perceived equal: AI functions and work outcomes
Cao, J., Yao, J., Sun, S., Song, Z., & Zhang, F. (2025) · Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity · doi:10.1016/j.joitmc.2025.100521 · Cited by 10
Urgency at work: Trains, time and technology
Pritchard, K., & Symon, G. (2023) · New Technology Work and Employment · doi:10.1111/ntwe.12269 · Cited by 9
Transparency experience in remote teamwork – a sociomaterial approach
Caglar, P. S., Vainio, T., & Roto, V. (2023) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2023.2260910 · Cited by 9
Making and interpreting: digital humanities as embodied action
Zhang, Z., Song, W., & Liu, P. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-023-02548-3 · Cited by 9
Oware, P. M., Omondi, G., Adipo, C., et al. (2025) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0004508 · Cited by 9
Callari, T. C., & Puppione, L. (2025) · European Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1108/ejim-11-2024-1339 · Cited by 16
Humanising algorithmic management systems
Jianu, B., Tussyadiah, I. P., & Miller, G. A. (2025) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/j.annals.2025.104021 · Cited by 11
Dudézert, A., Préchoux, V., & Grimand, A. (2017) · Revue française de gestion · doi:10.3166/rfg.2017.00155 · Cited by 9
The politics behind design projects: when space, organization, and technology collide
Jemine, G., Pichault, F., & Dubois, C. (2020) · International Journal of Managing Projects in Business · doi:10.1108/ijmpb-01-2020-0020 · Cited by 9
Tilson, D., S⊘rensen, C., & Lyytinen, K. (2021) · Research in the sociology of organizations · doi:10.1108/s0733-558x2021000073a013 · Cited by 11
Organizational scandal on social media: Workers whistleblowing on YouTube and Facebook
Lazar, T. (2022) · Information and Organization · doi:10.1016/j.infoandorg.2022.100390 · Cited by 9
Bjørn, P., Menéndez-Blanco, M., & Borsotti, V. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13314-5 · Cited by 9
The missing link in systems thinking
Langstrand, J. (2016) · International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences · doi:10.1108/ijqss-09-2015-0061 · Cited by 10
Appropriation de technologies et développement durable : l’exemple de la viticulture de précision
Moreiro, L. (2017) · Innovations · doi:10.3917/inno.054.0097 · Cited by 10
Criteria of implementing feeding assistance robots in disability care
Nickelsen, N. C. M. (2013) · Journal of Comparative Social Work · doi:10.31265/jcsw.v8i2.100 · Cited by 9
Authoring social reality with documents
Huvila, I. (2018) · Journal of Documentation · doi:10.1108/jd-04-2018-0063 · Cited by 9
The negotiated order and electronic patient records: A sociomaterial perspective
Introna, L. D., Hayes, N., & Al-Hejin, Z. (2019) · Journal of Information Technology · doi:10.1177/0268396219870548 · Cited by 11
Power matters: Posthuman entanglements in a social solidarity clinic
Kokkinidis, G., & Checchi, M. (2021) · Organization · doi:10.1177/1350508420973304 · Cited by 9
Human Flesh Search: what did we find?
Heng, C. S., Lin, Z., Xu, X., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2018) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2018.09.009 · Cited by 10
Developing Lawful Technologies – A Revelatory Case Study on Design Patterns
Dickhaut, E., Li, M. M., Janson, A., & Leimeister, J. M. (2021) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2021.533 · Cited by 9
The ‘Lieutenants’ of Coaching: How Materiality Shapes Coach Developers’ Practices
Maclean, J. (2021) · Somatechnics · doi:10.3366/soma.2021.0355 · Cited by 9
Julsrud, T. E., & Standal, K. (2022) · International Journal of Sustainable Transportation · doi:10.1080/15568318.2022.2103858 · Cited by 11
Implementing self-service technologies: not without competition!
Audrin, B. (2019) · International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management · doi:10.1108/ijrdm-09-2018-0193 · Cited by 9
Albertsen, R. R., Ansari, S., Heucher, K., Krautzberger, M., Langley, A., Reinecke, P., Slawinski, N., & Vaara, E. (2023) · Journal of management inquiry · doi:10.1177/10564926231210238 · Cited by 6
Zhao, W., Yang, X., & Sun, N. (2024) · Emerging Markets Finance and Trade · doi:10.1080/1540496x.2024.2331013 · Cited by 9
From digital competence to digital capacity
Buskqvist, U., & Johansson, E. (2024) · Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy · doi:10.18261/njdl.19.1.4 · Cited by 8
Digital entrepreneurial marketing bricolage: shaping technology-in-practice
Alford, P., & Jones, R. (2024) · International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research · doi:10.1108/ijebr-07-2024-0746 · Cited by 9
Strategy in the digitalization era
Kohtamäki, M., Rabetino, R., Parida, V., & Ritala, P. (2025) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/ijmr.12404 · Cited by 10
Dang, H. C. T., Nguyen, P., Le, P. L. T., Nguyen, T. T. H., & Vu, B. T. (2025) · Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity · doi:10.1016/j.joitmc.2025.100569 · Cited by 12
Paradoxical Theorizing: A multimodal approach to generate new theory
Keller, J., Berti, M., & Smith, W. K. (2025) · Organization Theory · doi:10.1177/26317877251351642 · Cited by 9
Rethinking Responsibility in the Digital Age: A Narrative Approach
de Vaujany, F., Leclercq‐Vandelannoitte, A., Aroles, J., Introna, L. D., & Davidson, S. (2025) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2025/17970 · Cited by 13
Pepple, D., & Muthuthantrige, N. (2026) · Journal of Innovation & Knowledge · doi:10.1016/j.jik.2025.100878 · Cited by 11
A time for monsters: Organizational knowing after large language models
Faraj, S. A., Torrents, J. P., Mantere, S., & Bhardwaj, A. K. (2025) · Strategic Organization · doi:10.1177/14761270251410675 · Cited by 12
Meissonier, R. (2019) · Systèmes d information & management · doi:10.3917/sim.184.0003 · Cited by 8
Chen, L., Zhai, L., Zhu, W., Luo, G., Zhang, J., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.798115 · Cited by 8
Boivin, D. V., & Boiral, O. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su141811576 · Cited by 8
Suckley, L., & Orel, M. (2024) · Journal of Workplace Learning · doi:10.1108/jwl-11-2022-0162 · Cited by 11
Unfolding the contextual nature of enterprise social media use – a morphogenetic approach
Hacker, J. V., Trier, M., & Richter, A. (2024) · European Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.1080/0960085x.2024.2339217 · Cited by 7
The new wave of 'hybrid' work: An opportunity to revise assumptions and build theory
Zamani, E. D., Watson‐Manheim, M. B., Abbott, P. Y., & Lin, A. (2024) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.12558 · Cited by 9
Xing, J. L., & Sharif, N. (2025) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2025.105190 · Cited by 11
The Alchemy of Painting: How the Technology of Oil Paint Transmuted Art
Sgourev, S. V. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17566-5_3 · Cited by 9
Vega, L., Mäkelä, M., Chen, T., & Seitamaa‐Hakkarainen, P. (2021) · FormAkademisk - forskningstidsskrift for design og designdidaktikk · doi:10.7577/formakademisk.4191 · Cited by 7
Principles for the Arrangement of Social Media Listening Practices in Crisis Management
Herrera, L. C., Majchrzak, T. A., & Thapa, D. (2022) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10525-8_22 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Orlikowski, W. J., & Scott, S. V.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Academy of Management Annals
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 433-474
- ISSN
- 1941-6067 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-6520
- OpenAlex
- W2058287127
- Cited by
- 2,571
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 207 · 2025: 174 · 2024: 154 · 2023: 161 · 2022: 177 · 2021: 221 · 2020: 187 · 2019: 177 · 2018: 158 · 2017: 140 · 2016: 136 · 2015: 139 · 2014: 147 · 2013: 141 · 2012: 111
- FWCI
- 162.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Annals (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management and Organizational Studies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management Theory and Practice
- Keywords
- sociomateriality, technology in organizations, organizational practices
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review