The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Empowerment: A matter of degree
Abstract
Executive Overview Without question empowerment is THE topic of the day. Articles, books, consultants, and seminars all offer the practicing manager ideas, techniques, methods and reasons to immediately put this new powerful employee motivation/productivity tool to work. Yet, there is still a fair amount of ignorance as to what exactly employee empowerment is, how it might be implemented, and exactly what can be gained through its implementation. In this article we attempt to define empowerment, lay out a process by which it can be assessed, and offer an implementation strategy for managers.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Toward a theory of spiritual leadership
Fry, L. W. (2003) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001 · Cited by 2,522
BEYOND SELF-MANAGEMENT: ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF TEAM EMPOWERMENT.
Kirkman, B. L., & Rosen, B. (1999) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256874 · Cited by 2,110
The relationship between total quality management practices and their effects on firm performance
Kaynak, H. (2003) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/s0272-6963(03)00004-4 · Cited by 1,893
Ahearne, M., Mathieu, J., & Rapp, A. (2005) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.5.945 · Cited by 1,254
Kirkman, B. L., Rosen, B., Tesluk, P. E., & Gibson, C. B. (2004) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/20159571 · Cited by 889
Metadata
- Authors
- Ford, R. C., & Fottler, M. D.
- Venue
- Academy of Management Perspectives
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 1995-08
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 21-29
- ISSN
- 1558-9080 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-4529
- OpenAlex
- W2136524562
- Cited by
- 282
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 32.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Empowerment: A matter of degree. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.5465/ame.1995.9509210269
- The paper
- Ford, R. C., & Fottler, M. D. (1995). Empowerment: A matter of degree. Academy of Management Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.1995.9509210269
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
