The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Rethinking Sustained Competitive Advantage from Human Capital
Abstract
The strategy literature often emphasizes firm-specific human capital as a source of competitive advantage based on the assumption that it constrains employee mobility. We first identify three boundary conditions that limit the applicability of this logic. We then offer a more comprehensive framework of human capital–based advantage that explores both demand- and supply-side mobility constraints. The critical insight is that these mobility constraints have more explanatory power than the firm specificity of human capital.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage
Barney, J. (1991) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920639101700108 · Cited by 48,334
The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism
Akerlof, G. A. (1970) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/1879431 · Cited by 23,016
Strategic assets and organizational rent
Amit, R., & Schoemaker, P. J. H. (1993) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250140105 · Cited by 8,425 · cited 1×
“Hence, firm-specific resources have been closely tied to the theory of competitive advantage as a driver of distinctive capabilities (Amit & Schoemaker, 1993; Conner, 1991).1 For example, firms may develop idiosyncratic routines that help them address firm-specific challenges, such as the systems…”
BackgroundTeece, D. J. (1986) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/0048-7333(86)90027-2 · Cited by 7,842
Understanding HRM–Firm Performance Linkages: The Role of the “Strength” of the HRM System
Bowen, D. E., & Ostroff, C. (2004) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2004.12736076 · Cited by 2,996 · cited 1×
“For example, research exploring the strength of human resource (HR) systems (Bowen & Ostroff, 2004) suggests that strong HR systems may increase the intensity of supply-side mobility constraints in firms.”
BackgroundLocalization of Knowledge and the Mobility of Engineers in Regional Networks
Almeida, P., & Kogut, B. (1999) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.45.7.905 · Cited by 2,565
I-Deals: Idiosyncratic Terms in Employment Relationships
Rousseau, D. M., Ho, V. T., & Greenberg, J. (2006) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2006.22527470 · Cited by 652
Cited by
The Microfoundations Movement in Strategy and Organization Theory
Felin, T., Foss, N. J., & Ployhart, R. E. (2015) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520.2015.1007651 · Cited by 1,253
Dynamic Managerial Capabilities: Review and Assessment of Managerial Impact on Strategic Change
Helfat, C. E., & Martin, J. A. (2015) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206314561301 · Cited by 1,045
Human Capital Is Dead; Long Live Human Capital Resources!
Ployhart, R. E., Nyberg, A. J., Reilly, G., & Maltarich, M. A. (2014) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206313512152 · Cited by 560
Learning in the Twenty-First-Century Workplace
Noe, R. A., Clarke, A. D. M., & Klein, H. J. (2014) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091321 · Cited by 539
Signaling Theory: State of the Theory and Its Future
Connelly, B. L., Certo, S. T., Reutzel, C. R., DesJardine, M. R., & Zhou, Y. S. (2025) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063241268459 · Cited by 448
Metadata
- Authors
- Campbell, B. A., Coff, R., & Kryscynski, D.
- Venue
- Academy of Management Review
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 376-395
- ISSN
- 0363-7425 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-3807
- OpenAlex
- W2043546276
- Cited by
- 763
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 86.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Rethinking Sustained Competitive Advantage from Human Capital. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.5465/amr.2010.0276
- The paper
- Campbell, B. A., Coff, R., & Kryscynski, D. (2012). Rethinking Sustained Competitive Advantage from Human Capital. Academy of Management Review. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2010.0276
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.