Exercitatio anatomica de motv cordis et sangvinis in animalibvs
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DEDICATIO.& piam veritatis ftudiofum mea fponte inurere velle, nec quenquam erroris labe infimulare.Sed folarn veritatem fedor,&omnem tum opcram,tum oleu eo contuli, vt aliquid bonis gratum, dodis com¬ modum , & rei litteraria: vtile in medium proferre poffim, Valete Domini D. Excellentif & Anato¬ mico vcftro fauete GFIL1ELM& HARFEO.3 PRO-1Q PROOEMIVM Quo demonftratur quod qua; hadtenus fcripta funt de motu, & vfu cordis Sc arteria¬ rum minus firma efle.E cordis arteriarum que motu,pulfu,attione, vfu, , fi 'utilitatibus cogitanti, operapretium efl,qu& \ prius ab aliis mandata funt literis, euoluere, qus \ vulgo i attat a & tradita, animaduertere, vtqute \r$tteditta, confirmentur: qua falfadificttione anatomica,?mdtiplici experientia, diligenti, fi accurata obferuatione emendentur.Pene omnes huc vfque Anatomici,Me dici, fi Philofophifupponunt cum Galeno,eundem vfum ejfe pulfus, quem re (pirat tonis, (fi una re tantum differre, quod ille ab animali h&c a 'vitali facuL tat e manet: reliquis, vel quod ad vtihtatem, vel quod admotus modumjpettatfimiliterfe habentibus, vnde affrmant(vt Hiero¬ nymus Fabr.ab aq.p. libro fuo derefpiratione nuperrime edito) quod quoniam nonfufficit pulfus cor dis, (fi arteriarum adeuent an dum, fi refrigerandum; ideo a Natura pulmones circa cor fabrefattos ejfe♦ Hwcpatet quod quacunque dixerint priores de Syflole, fi Diafiole,demotu cordis fi arteriarum yhac omnia ad pulmones reficientes eos tradidiffe.Cum vero aliter fe habeat motus, ficonfiitutio cor dis,quam pulmonumyditer arteriarum,quampettoris, alios exinde, vfus,fi vtilitates exoriri verifimile elt, differ reque plurimum cordis , fi P R O OE M I V M; U frmiliter Arteriarum pulfus, (fi vfus, a pe Si oris (fi pulmonum.Si enim dfdem vfibus inferuiant pulfiu, ac respiratio , dn in Diafiole intro fumant aerem in cauitatesfuas arteria ( vti vulgo dicunt) (fi 4n Syfiok per eofdem poros carnis, (fi cutis fuligines emittant , nec non medio tempore inter Syfiolem , (fi Diaftolem aerem, contineant \ (fi quouis tempore aut aerem , aut Jpiritus,aut fuligines.ffiuid itaque refiondeant Galeno, qui librum Jcripfit, N&ra fangmnem contineri in arteriis, (fi nihilprater fangumem > nimirum neque fpir itus,neque aerem, ficut ab experta mentis ,(firationibus in eodem librofacile colligere licet.Et fi in Diajlole replentur arteria ab aere introfumpto, m maioripulfup maiori fubeunte aeris copia : ergo magno exiflentepulfu ,fi totum corpus in balneum immerfer is,vel aqua,vel olei, neceffe eUpulfum fatim aut minorem ejfe,aut tardiorem mulio: cum per corpus am¬ bientis balnei, aerem intra arterias permeare difficilius fit ,fi non impofilile.Similiter, cum omnes arteria tam profunda, quam cutanea^odem tempore, (fipari velocitate dijlendantun quomodo poterit aer tam libere,(fi celeriterper cutem, carnem, habitumque corporis in profundum pertranfire, quam per cuticulamfolam.Et quomodo Embryonum arteria forinfecus in cauitates fuas aerem per ventrem maternum, (fi per corpus vteri attrahant ?Vel quomodo Phoca,Balena, Delphines, cetaceum omnegenus,(fipifcesomnes in profundo maris arteriarum fuarumViaJlole, (fi Syfiole9 per immenfam aqua majfam celeripulfu aerem introfumunt, (fi emiiiunt* Dicere vero quod aerem implantatum in aqua ab forbe¬ ant , (fi in aquam fuligines fuas reddant ,figmento haudabfimile.Etfiw Syfiole arteriaper poros carnis,& cutis,fuligines e canite tibusillorum expellunt,curnonitemfpiritus, quos dicunt etiam in illis contineri, cum (piritus multo tenuiores fuliginibus fint.Et fi cum inSyflole,tum inDiafiole aerem arteria accipiunt, fireddunt, vtipulmones in r eviratione*, cur non & hoc faciunt inflicloper B z ' artem-m PROOEMIVM.grteriotmiam vulnere i ficiionetrachaa per vulnus, aerem ingredi,regredi duobus contrariis motibus,palam est: Sella vero ar¬ teria fatim vno continuo motu fanguinem vi protrudi, dr* non ae¬ rem,vel ingredi,vel regredi manifefium e fi.St pulfus arteriarum partes corporis refrigerant, efeuentant vtipulmones ipfumcor quomodo dicunt vulgo arterias a corde in partes fingulas vitalem fanguinem differre refertijfimumffiritibus vitalibus ?qui parti¬ um caloremfaneant,fepitumfufiitent, dr quafi abfumptum re far¬ ciant , dr quomodo ( fi ligauerls arterias fftatim partes non modo torpent frigent, dr quafipallida cernuntur fid dr ah tandem definunt,quod fecundum Galenum contingit,quia calor e,qui per omnes partesfuperne a corde confluxerat,prmata(inticum hinc pateat ma, gis arterias calorem partibus deferre, quam refrigerium, dr euentat io nem.Frater ea quomodo Diafiolefimulfpintus a corde attra¬ hat, ad calefaciendas partes ,fimulfe ab externo refrigerium ?Am¬ plius tametfi ijfdem vfibus pulmones, arterias,£r cor infertur e ali¬ qui affirment,tamen corfpirituum officinam effe, dr arterias/piritus continere,tranfinittere etiam dicunt: Pulmones autem ffiritm fac er e,aut retinere contra Columbi opinionem,negant.£?uin drcu Galeno,quodfinguIs contineatur in arteriis, drnonfpiritus,contra Erafifiratum affeuerant.Videntur i fi a opi
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Harvey endorsed Fabricius' teachings that backward flow in the veins was not possible because of the venous valves.
“He also endorsed Fabricius'teachings that backward flow in the veins was not possible because of the venous valves.”
From The discovery of pulmonary circulation: From Imhotep to William Harvey (2014) · cites this paper as [12]
In the passage headed CAPVT XIII (indexed as Abstract; page not supplied), Harvey credits Fabricius with describing venous valves and argues that they prevent blood from flowing backward. The passage does not establish that Fabricius taught this function of the valves. Harvey also notes that some valves do not completely prevent reverse flow, so the claim’s categorical wording overstates his account. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHarvey never saw the capillaries but deduced that there must be small vessels connecting the arteries and the veins.
“Since this work appeared before the invention of the microscope, it is certain that Harvey never saw the capillaries but deduced that there must be small vessels connecting the arteries and the veins.”
From A brief history of arterial wave mechanics (2009) · cites this paper as [21]
In the passage on ligature experiments (labelled Abstract in our copy; page unavailable), Harvey infers that blood passes from arteries into veins. He proposes either connections between vessels or passage through pores in the tissues, so the source does not establish that he deduced there must be small connecting vessels. Our copy also does not state that he never saw capillaries. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBy estimating the cardiac output in about 12 kilos (3,000 drachmas) of blood every 30 minutes, Harvey argued that the quantity of blood is too great to be explained by a single-pass, open system and that blood must move in a circulatory pattern.
“By estimating the cardiac output in about 12 kilos (3.000 'drachmas') of blood every 30 minutes, Harvey argued that the quantity of blood is too great to be explained by a single-pass, open system and that blood must move in a circulatory pattern.”
From The discovery of pulmonary circulation: From Imhotep to William Harvey (2014) · cites this paper as [12]
Using his classical tourniquet experiment, Harvey demonstrated that blood moved into the limbs through the arteries and returned from it through the veins.
“Using his classical tourniquet experiment, Harvey demonstrated that blood moved into the limbs through the arteries and returned from it through the veins”
From The discovery of pulmonary circulation: From Imhotep to William Harvey (2014) · cites this paper as [12]
Harvey postulated that the main organ responsible for circulation was the heart and not the liver.
“He postulated that the main organ responsible for circulation was the heart and not the liver.”
From The discovery of pulmonary circulation: From Imhotep to William Harvey (2014) · cites this paper as [12]
Harvey approved Colombo's views that blood must pass from the right side through a pulmonary transit to the left side of the heart.
“He approved Colombo's views that blood must pass from the right side through a pulmonary transit to the left side of the heart.”
From The discovery of pulmonary circulation: From Imhotep to William Harvey (2014) · cites this paper as [12]
Harvey disagreed with the notion that the right ventricle only serves to nourish the lungs, and that blood passes from the right ventricle to the left ventricle through invisible inter-ventricular pores.
“He disagreed with the notion that the right ventricle only serves to nourish the lungs, and that blood passes from the right ventricle to the left ventricle through invisible inter-ventricular pores.”
From The discovery of pulmonary circulation: From Imhotep to William Harvey (2014) · cites this paper as [12]
Harvey theorized that the intrinsic motion of the heart originates in the systole and not the diastole, and that arterial pulsations were due to impulses of the blood from the left ventricle.
“He also theorized that the intrinsic motion of the heart originate is the systole and not the diastole, and that arterial pulsations were due to impulses of the blood from the left ventricle.”
From The discovery of pulmonary circulation: From Imhotep to William Harvey (2014) · cites this paper as [12]
Harvey proposed that blood passed from the arterial side to the venous side through pores in the tissue.
“Instead, he proposed that blood passed from the arterial side to the venous side through pores in the tissue”
From The discovery of pulmonary circulation: From Imhotep to William Harvey (2014) · cites this paper as [12]
Harvey's discovery was a landmark of deductive reasoning based on careful observations and an early application of the conservation of mass.
“This makes his discovery even more remarkable and a landmark of deductive reasoning, based upon careful observations and a very early application of the conservation of mass, in the face of centuries of teachings to the contrary.”
From A brief history of arterial wave mechanics (2009) · cites this paper as [21]
Modern understanding of the cardiovascular system starts with the work of William Harvey.
“Modern understanding of the cardiovascular system undoubtedly starts with the work of William Harvey (15781657) whopublishedhis discovery of the circulation of blood in”
From A brief history of arterial wave mechanics (2009) · cites this paper as [21]
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Braunwald, E. (2017) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.117.311812 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
A brief history of arterial wave mechanics
Parker, K. H. (2009) · Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing · doi:10.1007/s11517-009-0440-5 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Castellani, R. J., Smith, M. A., Perry, G., & Friedland, R. P. (2004) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2003.12.019 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Stephenson, R. S., Agger, P., Lunkenheimer, P. P., Zhao, J., Smerup, M., Niederer, P., Anderson, R. H., & Jarvis, J. C. (2016) · Clinical Anatomy · doi:10.1002/ca.22661 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The discovery of pulmonary circulation: From Imhotep to William Harvey
ElMaghawry, M., Zanatta, A., & Zampieri, F. (2014) · Global Cardiology Science and Practice · doi:10.5339/gcsp.2014.31 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Harvey, W., De Landau, H., & Library, B.
- Publisher
- Sumptibus F. Fitzeri
- Published
- 1628
- OpenAlex
- W654037480
- Cited by
- 420
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 10
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- University of Michigan Library Repository (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › History of Medicine Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › History of Science and Medicine
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Historical Philosophy and Science
- Keywords
- cardiac motion, blood circulation, heart, arteries, Galen, pulmonary circulation, venous blood, pulmonary artery, animal anatomy, Galenic medicine, Hieronymus Fabricius, Aristotle
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