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Cited by 33Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmiasCardiomyopathy and Myosin StudiesCardiovascular Function and Risk Factors

The functional architecture of skeletal compared to cardiac musculature: Myocyte orientation, lamellar unit morphology, and the helical ventricular myocardial band

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Stephenson, Robert S., Agger, Peter, Lunkenheimer, Paul P., Zhao, Jichao, Smerup, Morten, Niederer, Peter, Anderson, Robert H., Jarvis, Jonathan C.·2016·Clinical Anatomy
DOI 10.1002/ca.22661
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Abstract

How the cardiomyocytes are aggregated within the heart walls remains contentious. We still do not fully understand how the end‐to‐end longitudinal myocytic chains are arranged, nor the true extent and shape of the lamellar units they aggregate to form. In this article, we show that an understanding of the complex arrangement of cardiac musculature requires knowledge of three‐dimensional myocyte orientation (helical and intrusion angle), and appreciation of myocyte packing within the connective tissue matrix. We show how visualization and segmentation of high‐resolution three‐dimensional image data can accurately identify the morphology and orientation of the myocytic chains, and the lamellar units. Some maintain that the ventricles can be unwrapped in the form of a “helical ventricular myocardial band,” that is, as a compartmentalized band with selective regional innervation and deformation, and a defined origin and insertion like most skeletal muscles. In contrast to the simpler interpretation of the helical ventricular myocardial band, we provide insight as to how the complex myocytic chains, the heterogeneous lamellar units, and connective tissue matrix form an interconnected meshwork, which facilitates the complex internal deformations of the ventricular wall. We highlight the dangers of disregarding the intruding cardiomyocytes. Preparation of the band destroys intruding myocytic chains, and thus disregards the functional implications of the antagonistic auxotonic forces they produce. We conclude that the ventricular myocardium is not analogous to skeletal muscle, but is a complex three‐dimensional meshwork, with a heterogeneous branching lamellar architecture. Clin. Anat. 29:316–332, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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  • The helical arrangement of the heart's musculature is a fundamental structural design critical to achieving large ejection fractions.

    “Over the past half-century, it has been argued that this helical arrangement represents a fundamental structural design critical to achieving large ejection fractions (EFs) (1, 3–6).”

    From Recreating the heart's helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning (2022) · cites this paper as [6]

    The Comparison with the heart section recognizes helical alignment of cardiac cell aggregates and its role in generating torsional forces. The Structure section links a complex three-dimensional myocardial mesh to the deformation underlying an approximately 60% ejection fraction, but does not identify helical alignment alone as critical to that fraction. The “Feathering” section also rejects the simpler helical-band model. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Haibo N, Castro SJ, Stephenson RS, Jarvis JC, Lowe T, Hart G, Boyett MR, Henggui Z. 2013. Extracting myofibre orientation from micro-CT images: An optimisation study. In: Computing in Cardiology Conference (CinC), 2013. p 823-826.

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Authors
Stephenson, R. S., Agger, P., Lunkenheimer, P. P., Zhao, J., Smerup, M., Niederer, P., Anderson, R. H., & Jarvis, J. C.
Affiliations
  • Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
  • Aarhus University (DK)
  • University Hospital Münster (DE)
  • University of Auckland (NZ)
  • University of Zurich (CH)
  • University College London (GB)
Corresponding author
Jarvis, Jonathan C.
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Anatomy
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2015-11-23
Volume
29
Issue
3
Pages
316-332
ISSN
  • 0897-3806 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-2353
DOI
10.1002/ca.22661
OpenAlex
W2149106428
Cited by
33
References
75
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2013: 1
FWCI
2.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Clinical Anatomy (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (publishedVersion)
  • Liverpool John Moores University (submittedVersion)
  • CLOK (University of Central Lancashire) (submittedVersion)
  • ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion)
  • Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Keywords
helical angle, myocardial deformation, connective tissue matrix, skeletal muscle comparison, ventricular wall, cardiac innervation
MeSH terms
Animals, Heart, Heart Conduction System, Myocardium, Muscle, Skeletal, Myocytes, Cardiac, Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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