The DOI matches its Crossref record; 87 of the 87 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells
Open accessAbstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential, yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical transplantation. This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies, drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research. We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs, exploring their unique immunomodulatory capabilities and surface markers. The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation, including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources, concerns about efficacy, and lingering safety apprehensions. Moreover, we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surrounding MSC transplantation, such as homing, integration, and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects. We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape. As we peer into the future, we examine emerging trends, envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods. Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies, offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities, challenges, and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.
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“Studies indicate that MSCs derived from MM patients possess genetic mutations that increase their susceptibility to malignant transformation.”
From Mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow niche of patients with multiple myeloma: a double-edged sword (2025) · cites this paper as [301]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Recent investigations have demonstrated that MSCs possess significant plasticity, enabling them to adapt dynamically to their microenvironment.”
From Mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow niche of patients with multiple myeloma: a double-edged sword (2025) · cites this paper as [301]
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“The adaptability of MSCs, although beneficial in regenerative medicine, may elevate the risk of these cells unintentionally developing tumorigenic characteristics in the context of malignancy [300, 301].”
From Mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow niche of patients with multiple myeloma: a double-edged sword (2025) · cites this paper as [301]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A recent meta-analysis of MSC therapies in oncology revealed that modified MSCs may develop tumorigenic properties under prolonged culture conditions, especially with extensive passaging or exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines.”
From Mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow niche of patients with multiple myeloma: a double-edged sword (2025) · cites this paper as [301]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Studies indicate that genetic modifications intended to enhance the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), such as the overexpression of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) or hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), may unintentionally promote tumor growth.”
From Mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow niche of patients with multiple myeloma: a double-edged sword (2025) · cites this paper as [301]
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Citations
Cites
Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells
Pittenger, M. F., Mackay, A. M., Beck, S. C., Jaiswal, R. K., Douglas, R., Mosca, J. D., Moorman, M. A., Simonetti, D. W., Craig, S., & Marshak, D. R. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5411.143 · Cited by 21,052
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine
Han, Y., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Han, Y., Chang, F., & Ding, J. (2019) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells8080886 · Cited by 1,093
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Immunomodulation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
Song, N., Scholtemeijer, M., & Shah, K. (2020) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2020.06.009 · Cited by 948
Ethical and Safety Issues of Stem Cell-Based Therapy
Volarević, V., Marković, B. S., Gazdic, M., Volarevic, A., Jovicic, N. U., Arsenijević, N., Armstrong, L., Djonov, V., Lako, M., & Stojković, M. (2017) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.21666 · Cited by 933
Han, Y., Yang, J., Fang, J., Zhou, Y., Candi, E., Wang, J., Hua, D., Shao, C., & Shi, Y. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-00932-0 · Cited by 720
Changes in phenotype and differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells aging in vitro
Yang, Y.-H. K., Ogando, C. R., See, C. W., Chang, T.-Y., & Barabino, G. A. (2018) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-018-0876-3 · Cited by 655
Immune modulation by mesenchymal stem cells
Jiang, W., & Xu, J. (2020) · Cell Proliferation · doi:10.1111/cpr.12712 · Cited by 650
The Pros and Cons of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies
Musiał-Wysocka, A., Kot, M., & Majka, M. (2019) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.1177/0963689719837897 · Cited by 553
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Choi, S., & Jeong, J. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27020619 · Cited by 11
Shu, J., Xie, X., Wang, S., Du, Z., Huang, P. Y., Chen, Y., & He, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2025.1595897 · Cited by 6
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Current Progress in Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapies
Al‐Anazi, K. A. (2025) · Journal of Regenerative Medicine and Biology Research · doi:10.46889/jrmbr.2025.6202 · Cited by 1
Jafari, Z., Hamzehpour, Z., Faghihi, M., Derazi, R. A., Makoui, M. H., Makoui, R. H., Fekri, S. M., Ansari, N. E., & Athari, S. S. (2025) · Modern Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/mr/roaf112 · Cited by 1
Regenerative Therapy at the Crossroads: From Cell-Based to Cell-Free Precision Medicine
ArulJothi, K. N., Rajendran, R. L., Ahn, B., & Gangadaran, P. (2026) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering13050515 · Cited by 1
In Vitro Generation of Brown and Beige Adipocytes via Cellular Reprogramming
Kurahashi, T., Harada, Y., & Dai, P. (2025) · Cellular Reprogramming · doi:10.1177/21524971251399164
Sumarwoto, T., Hadinoto, S. A., Romaniyanto, Rhatomy, S., Utomo, P., Idulhaq, M., Santoso, A., & Suroto, H. (2025) · Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences · doi:10.22146/inajbcs.v57i4.24055
Translational human and equine regenerative medicine in musculoskeletal conditions
Bosman, L. M., Logan, M. G., Miszewski, A., & Pepper, M. S. (2026) · Journal of Equine Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105798
Clinical importance of stem cells in T2D treatment: A systematic review
Beg*, N. B. M. M. A. (2026) · International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) · doi:10.12692/ijb/29.1.130-137
Developmental biology and regenerative medicine
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Metadata
- Authors
- Velikova, T., Dekova, T., & Miteva, D. G.
- Affiliations
- Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" (BG)
- Venue
- World Journal of Transplantation
- Publisher
- Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
- Published
- 2024-06-18
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 90554-90554
- ISSN
- 2220-3230 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11212595
- OpenAlex
- W4399640105
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8
- FWCI
- 0.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- World Journal of Transplantation (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- King Khalid University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Keywords
- mesenchymal stem cells, stem cell transplantation, immunomodulation, cell surface markers, transplant safety, stem cell homing, cell integration, differentiation, paracrine effects, clinical trials, regulatory landscape, personalized medicine, cell delivery
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