Sleep and Quality of Life in Urban Poverty: The Effect of a Slum Housing Upgrading Program
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STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of a housing transition on sleep quality and quality of life in slum dwellers, participating in a slum housing upgrading program. DESIGN: Observational before-and-after study with a convergent-parallel mixed method design. SETTING: Five slums located in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 150 slum dwellers benefited by a housing program of the nonprofit organization TECHO (spanish word for "roof"). INTERVENTIONS: Participants moved from their very low-quality house to a basic prefabricated 18 m(2) modular house provided by TECHO. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and World Health Organization Quality of Life brief scale (WHOQOL-BREF) were administered before and after housing upgrading. Data about housing conditions, income, education, sleeping conditions, and cardiovascular risk were also collected. Semistructured interviews were used to expand and nuance quantitative data obtained from a poorly educated sample. Results showed that sleep quality significantly increased after the housing program (z = -6.57, P < 0.001). Overall quality of life (z = -6.85, P < 0.001), physical health domain (z = -4.35, P < 0.001), psychological well-being domain (z = -3.72, P < 0.001) and environmental domain (z = -7.10, P < 0.001) of WHOQOL-BREF were also improved. Interviews demonstrated the importance of serenity for improving quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: A minimal improvement in the quality of basic housing can significantly increase sleep quality and quality of life among slum dwellers. Understanding sleep and daily life conditions in informal urban settlements could help to define what kind of low-cost intervention may improve sleep quality, quality of life, and reduce existent sleep disparity.
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Improvements in urban housing quality improve sleep.
“Noise from air conditioning and fans [94] and street noise relate to poorer sleep quality [94, 95] while improvements in urban housing quality [96] also improve sleep.”
From Smoking, screen-based sedentary behavior, and diet associated with habitual sleep duration and chronotype: data from the UK Biobank (2016) · cites this paper as [96]
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Abulafia, C., Manavella, M. A. P., Espínola, S. S. R., Brangold, M., Simonelli, G., Salvia, A., & Vigo, D. E. (2025) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2025.06.009
Self-citationSokol, M., Volf, P., Holuša, J., Matějka, M., Hejda, J., & Kutílek, P. (2026) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2026.104403 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The new science of sleep: Insights from pre-industrial societies and phylogenomics
Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Saravanan, K. M., Spence, D. W., Alsaif, S. S., Jahrami, H., BaHammam, A. S., Shneerson, J. M., & Nelson, R. J. (2026) · Brain medicine : · doi:10.61373/bm026w.0060
- Authors
- Simonelli, G., Leanza, Y., Boilard, A., Hyland, M., Augustinavicius, J. L., Cardinali, D. P., Vallières, A., Pérez-Chada, D., & Vigo, D. E.
- Affiliations
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (AR)
- Université Laval (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
- Hospital Universitario Austral (AR)
- Corresponding author
- Vigo, Daniel E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-11-01
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1669-1676
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC3792384
- OpenAlex
- W1965177472
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 28.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Corpus Université Laval (Université Laval) (submittedVersion)
- Conicet (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban and Rural Development Challenges
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Homelessness and Social Issues
- Keywords
- sleep quality, quality of life, slum housing, housing upgrading, urban poverty, informal settlements, TECHO, prefabricated housing, WHOQOL-BREF, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, psychological well-being, Buenos Aires
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Argentina, Housing, Humans, Male, Poverty Areas, Public Housing, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Socioeconomic Factors, Urban Population, Body Mass Index
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