Drought‐related stress among farmers: findings from the Australian Rural Mental Health Study
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate general and drought-related stress experienced by farmers at both the personal and community levels, and whether socio-demographic and community factors influence this stress. DESIGN: Multivariate analysis of data from the Australian Rural Mental Health Study (ARMHS), a longitudinal cohort study (2007-2013). SETTING: Non-metropolitan New South Wales. PARTICIPANTS: Subset of 664 ARMHS participants (at baseline) who identified as living or working on a farm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Personal drought-related stress (PDS), community drought-related stress (CDS), and general psychological distress (K10 score). RESULTS: Farmers who were under 35, both lived and worked on a farm, experienced greater financial hardship, and were in outer regional, remote or very remote NSW reported PDS particularly frequently. Of these factors, only being under 35 and increased remoteness were associated with higher incidence of CDS. Mild wet weather during the prior 12 months reduced PDS and CDS but increased general distress. Moderate or extreme wet weather did not affect PDS or general distress, but moderate wet weather was associated with increased CDS. Drought-related stress and general psychological distress were influenced by different socio-demographic and community factors. CONCLUSIONS: Farmers in NSW experience significant stress about the effects of drought on themselves, their families, and their communities. Farmers who are younger, live and work on a farm, experience financial hardship, or are isolated are at particular risk of drought-related stress. Medical practitioners who provide assistance to farmers and farming communities can contribute to initiatives that relieve stress about drought.
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A longitudinal cohort study showed elevated drought-related stress and psychological distress (as measured by the K10) among farmers.
“A longitudinal cohort study showed elevated drought-related stress and psychological distress (as measured by the K10) among farmers [32].”
From Climate Change and Mental Health: A Scoping Review (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Austin, E. K., Handley, T., Kiem, A. S., Rich, J. L., Lewin, T. J., Askland, H. H., Askarimarnani, S. S., Perkins, D. A., & Kelly, B. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
- Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health (AU)
- Hunter New England Local Health District (AU)
- Centre for Water, Climate and Land, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW
- Corresponding author
- Austin, Emma K
- ORCID
- Venue
- Medical Journal of Australia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-07-30
- Volume
- 209
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 159-165
- ISSN
- 0025-729X (ISSN-L)
- 1326-5377
- OpenAlex
- W2884782486
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 9.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- The Medical Journal of Australia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council (401241, 631061)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Agriculture and Farm Safety
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Keywords
- farmers, psychological distress, community stress, rural mental health, financial hardship, remoteness, young farmers, rainy weather, sociodemographic factors
- MeSH terms
- Farmers, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, New South Wales, Rural Population, Stress, Psychological, Young Adult, Droughts
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