Dynamic Changes and Characterization of the Protein and Carbohydrate Fractions of Native Grass Grown in Inner Mongolia during Ensiling and the Aerobic Stage
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To improve the utility of native grass resources as feed in China, we investigated the dynamics of protein and carbohydrate fractions among Inner Mongolian native grasses, during ensiling and the aerobic stage, using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. METHODS: Silages were prepared without or with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant. We analyzed the protein and carbohydrate fractions and fermentation quality of silages at 0, 5, 15, 20, 30, and 60 d of ensiling, and the stability at 0.5, 2, 5, and 10 d during the aerobic stage. RESULTS: Inner Mongolian native grass contained 10.8% crude protein (CP) and 3.6% water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) on a dry matter basis. During ensiling, pH and CP and WSC content decreased (p<0.05), whereas lactic acid and ammonia nitrogen (N) content increased (p<0.05). Non-protein N (PA) content increased significantly, whereas rapidly degraded true protein (PB1), intermediately degraded true protein (PB2), total carbohydrate (CHO), sugars (CA), starch (CB1), and degradable cell wall carbohydrate (CB2) content decreased during ensiling (p<0.05). At 30 d of ensiling, control and LAB-treated silages were well preserved and had lower pH (<4.2) and ammonia-N content (<0.4 g/kg of fresh matter [FM]) and higher lactic acid content (>1.0% of FM). During the aerobic stage, CP, extract ether, WSC, lactic acid, acetic acid, PB1, PB2, true protein degraded slowly (PB3), CHO, CA, CB1, and CB2 content decreased significantly in all silages, whereas pH, ammonia-N, PA, and bound true protein (PC) content increased significantly. CONCLUSION: Control and LAB-treated silages produced similar results in terms of fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and protein and carbohydrate fractions. Inner Mongolian native grass produced good silage, nutrients were preserved during ensiling and protein and carbohydrate losses largely occurred during the aerobic stage.
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The reduction in CP content is attributed to prolonged exposure to air, which enhances proteolysis.
“Moreover, the reduction in CP content is attributed to prolonged exposure to air, which enhances proteolysis [17,18,19,20,21].”
From Influence of Ensiling Timing and Inoculation on Whole Plant Maize Silage Fermentation and Aerobic Stability (Preliminary Research) (2024) · cites this paper as [19]
The Discussion section on chemical composition during the aerobic stage reports that CP decreased during air exposure and suggests microbial activity may have degraded some CP. It does not establish that prolonged exposure enhances proteolysis or state that mechanism as a definite cause. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe reduction in silage crude protein with delayed sealing indicates increased proteolysis because protein degradation continues while oxygen remains and pH is not lowered.
“Increased delayed sealing caused a reduction in silage CP content, indicating increased proteolysis since protein degradation remains as long as the oxygen in the silo is not consumed and the pH is not lowered [9,35,36].”
From The Effects of Short-Time Delayed Sealing on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Chemical Composition on Maize Silages (2023) · cites this paper as [35]
Increased delayed sealing caused a reduction in silage crude protein content.
“Increased delayed sealing caused a reduction in silage CP content, indicating increased proteolysis since protein degradation remains as long as the oxygen in the silo is not consumed and the pH is not lowered [9,35,36].”
From The Effects of Short-Time Delayed Sealing on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Chemical Composition on Maize Silages (2023) · cites this paper as [35]
Soluble nonprotein nitrogen was not measured in the silages tested.
“Here, we did not measure soluble-NPN in silages tested, but this parameter is frequently correlated with CP reduction in silages as a result of proteolysis during ensiling [35].”
From The Effects of Short-Time Delayed Sealing on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Chemical Composition on Maize Silages (2023) · cites this paper as [35]
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- Authors
- Du, Z., Risu, N., Gentu, G., Jia, Y., & Cai, Y.
- Affiliations
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (CN)
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Cai, Yimin
- Venue
- Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
- Published
- 2020-04-01
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 556-567
- ISSN
- 1011-2367 (ISSN-L)
- 1976-5517
- PMC
- PMC7054601
- OpenAlex
- W2964549936
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (2016YFC0500504, 31460638)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food and Agricultural Sciences
- Keywords
- silage fermentation, aerobic stability, protein fractions, carbohydrate fractions, lactic acid bacteria inoculant, fermentation quality, non-protein nitrogen, water-soluble carbohydrates, ammonia nitrogen, lactic acid, cell wall carbohydrates
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