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Cited by 217Digital Communication and LanguageAttachment and Relationship DynamicsImpact of Technology on Adolescents

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The effects of text, audio, video, and in-person communication on bonding between friends

Open access
Sherman, Lauren E., Michikyan, Minas, Greenfield, Patricia M.·2013·Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace
DOI 10.5817/cp2013-2-3
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Abstract

Considerable research on computer-mediated communication has examined online communication between strangers, but little is known about the emotional experience of connectedness between friends in digital environments. However, adolescents and emerging adults use digital communication primarily to communicate with existing friends rather than to make new connections. We compared feelings of emotional connectedness as they occurred in person and through digital communication among pairs of close friends in emerging adulthood. Fifty-eight young women, recruited in pairs of close friends, engaged in four conversations each: in-person, video chat, audio chat, and instant messaging (IM). Bonding in each condition was measured through both self-report and affiliation cues (i.e., nonverbal behaviors associated with the emotional experience of bonding). Participants reported feeling connected in all conditions. However, bonding, as measured by both self-report and affiliation cues, differed significantly across conditions, with the greatest bonding during in-person interaction, followed by video chat, audio chat, and IM in that order. Compared with other participants, those who used video chat more frequently reported greater bonding with friends through video chat in our study. Compared with other participants, those who spoke on the phone more frequently with their participating friend reported greater bonding during audio chat. Use of textual affiliation cues like emoticons, typed laughter, and excessive letter capitalization during IM related to increased bonding experience during IM. Nonetheless, a significantly lower level of bonding was experienced in IM compared with in-person communication. Because adolescent and emerging adults’ digital communication is primarily text-based, this finding has significant real-world implications.

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Metadata

Authors
Sherman, L. E., Michikyan, M., & Greenfield, P. M.
ORCID
Venue
Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace
Publisher
Masaryk University Press
Published
2013-07-01
Volume
7
Issue
2
ISSN
1802-7962 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.5817/cp2013-2-3
OpenAlex
W2320528903
Cited by
217
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3
FWCI
6.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-nd
Locations
  • Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Digital Communication and Language
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Keywords
emotional connection, computer-mediated communication, video chat, instant messaging, face-to-face communication, nonverbal behavior, emoticons, emerging adulthood, adolescents, close friends

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