The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Loneliness: human nature and the need for social connection
Abstract
University of Chicago social neuroscientist John T. Cacioppo unveils his pioneering research on the startling effects of loneliness: a sense of isolation or social rejection disrupts not only our thinking abilities and will power but also our immune systems, and can be as damaging as obesity or smoking. A blend of biological and social science, this book demonstrates that, as individuals and as a society, we have everything to gain, and everything to lose, in how well or how poorly we manage our need for social bonds.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Some of the effects of self-affirmation may arise from the protective effects of subjective connectedness (Cacioppo & Patrick 2008, Taylor 2007).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Cacioppo & Patrick 2008
Citations
Cites
Flashbulb memories in older adults.
Cohen, G. M., Conway, M. A., & Maylor, E. A. (1994) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.9.3.454 · Cited by 90
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 1,000
Not so lonely at the top: The relationship between power and loneliness
Waytz, A. G., Chou, E. Y., Magee, J. C., & Galinsky, A. D. (2015) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2015.06.002 · Cited by 89
WORK LONELINESS AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
Özçelik, H., & Barsade, S. G. (2011) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2011.65869714 · Cited by 87
Paredes, A. M., Lee, E., Chik, L., Gupta, S., Palmer, B. W., Palinkas, L. A., Kim, H., & Jeste, D. V. (2020) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2019.1699022 · Cited by 106
Revisiting the social stigma of loneliness
Kerr, N. A., & Stanley, T. B. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110482 · Cited by 95
Latikka, R., Koivula, A., Oksa, R., Savela, N., & Oksanen, A. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114674 · Cited by 101
Nenov-Matt, T., Barton, B. B., Dewald‐Kaufmann, J., Goerigk, S. A., Rek, S. V., Zentz, K., Musil, R., Jobst, A., Padberg, F., & Reinhard, M. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.608476 · Cited by 92
Loh, H. S., Gaur, S. S., & Sharma, P. (2021) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21452 · Cited by 88
Hom, M. A., Hames, J. L., Bodell, L. P., Buchman‐Schmitt, J. M., Chu, C., Rogers, M. L., Chiurliza, B., Michaels, M. S., Ribeiro, J. D., Nadorff, M. R., et al. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.046 · Cited by 92
Relationships and Health: The Critical Role of Affective Science
Sbarra, D. A., & Coan, J. A. (2018) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073917696584 · Cited by 96
Interventions to improve social connections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zagic, D., Wuthrich, V. M., Rapee, R. M., & Wolters, N. E. (2021) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-021-02191-w · Cited by 99
Hanna, K. L., Cross, J., Nicholls, A., & Gallegos, D. (2023) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2023.107051 · Cited by 96
Meyers, T. J., Wright, K. A., Young, J. T. N., & Tasca, M. (2017) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.07.012 · Cited by 82
Van Orden, K. A., Stone, D. M., Rowe, J., McIntosh, W. L., Podgorski, C., & Conwell, Y. (2013) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2013.03.003 · Cited by 75
The Effect of Loneliness in the Workplace on Organizational Commitment
Ayazlar, G., & Güzel, B. (2014) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.124 · Cited by 83
Luban, D. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107279698 · Cited by 82
‘Some people might say I'm thriving but … ’: non-traditional students' experiences of university
Meuleman, A.-M., Garrett, R., Wrench, A., & King, S. (2014) · International Journal of Inclusive Education · doi:10.1080/13603116.2014.945973 · Cited by 97
Social contacts and loneliness in people with psychotic and mood disorders
Giacco, D., Palumbo, C., Strappelli, N., Catapano, F., & Priebe, S. (2016) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.12.008 · Cited by 91
School alienation and student well-being: a cross-lagged longitudinal analysis
Morinaj, J., & Hascher, T. (2018) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-018-0381-1 · Cited by 97
Toward a design theory for virtual companionship
Strohmann, T., Siemon, D., Khosrawi-Rad, B., & Robra-Bissantz, S. (2022) · Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/07370024.2022.2084620 · Cited by 95
Kearns, A., Whitley, E., Tannahill, C., & Ellaway, A. (2015) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.21711 · Cited by 104
Rosen, C. C., & Hochwarter, W. A. (2014) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2014.03.003 · Cited by 88
Individual difference factors related to anthropomorphic tendency
Letheren, K., Kuhn, K.-A., Lings, I. N., & Pope, N. K. (2016) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-05-2014-0291 · Cited by 80
An integrative health framework for wellbeing in the built environment
Engineer, A., Gualano, R. J., Crocker, R. L., Smith, J. L., Maizes, V., Weil, A., & STERNBERG, E. M. (2021) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108253 · Cited by 95
A critical review of research on executive functions in sport and exercise
Furley, P., Schütz, L.-M., & Wood, G. (2023) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2023.2217437 · Cited by 91
Toward an anthropology of loneliness
Silva, C. O., & Parsons, M. A. (2020) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461520961627 · Cited by 79
Slavich, G. M., Roos, L. G., & Zaki, J. (2021) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2021.1950695 · Cited by 82
Jakobsen, I. S., Madsen, L. M. R., Mau, M., Hjemdal, O., & Friborg, O. (2020) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-020-00493-3 · Cited by 96
Loneliness Updated: An Introduction
Rokach, A. (2011) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2012.629501 · Cited by 82
Experience of loneliness among adolescent girls and boys: Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study
Rönkä, A. R., Rautio, A., Koiranen, M., Sunnari, V., & Taanila, A. M. (2013) · Journal of Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/13676261.2013.805876 · Cited by 83
Corruption in the Context of Moral Trade-offs
Dungan, J. A., Waytz, A. G., & Young, L. (2014) · Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics · doi:10.1177/0260107914540832 · Cited by 81
Social Isolation: An Unequally Distributed Health Hazard
Umberson, D., & Donnelly, R. (2023) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-031021-012001 · Cited by 90
A Scientific Review of the Remarkable Benefits of Happiness for Successful and Healthy Living
Diener, E., & Tay, L. (2013) · Cited by 74
Kumar, A., & Epley, N. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000962 · Cited by 72
Aksoy, L., Keiningham, T. L., Buoye, A., Larivière, B., Williams, L., & Wilson, I. (2015) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.06.033 · Cited by 81
Macià, D., Cattaneo, G., Sánchez, J. S., Tormos, J. M., Pascual‐Leone, Á., & Bartrés‐Faz, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627547 · Cited by 88
When Pain Does Not Heal: The Common Antecedents and Consequences of Chronic Social and Physical Pain
Riva, P., Wesselmann, E. D., Wirth, J. H., Carter‐Sowell, A. R., & Williams, K. D. (2014) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2014.917975 · Cited by 85
Social regulation of emotion: messy layers
Kappas, A. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00051 · Cited by 84
Social neuroscience: The social brain, oxytocin, and health
Norman, G. J., Hawkley, L. C., Cole, S. W., Berntson, G. G., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2011) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2011.568702 · Cited by 77
Self-citationSignificantly increased risk of all-cause mortality among cardiac patients feeling lonely
Christensen, A. V., Juel, K., Ekholm, O., Thrysøe, L., Thorup, C. B., Borregaard, B., Mols, R. E., Rasmussen, T. B., & Berg, S. K. (2019) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315460 · Cited by 77
Facilitating Relational Empowerment in Couple Therapy
Fishbane, M. D. (2011) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2011.01364.x · Cited by 71
Hensley, B., Martin, P., Margrett, J. A., MacDonald, M. M., Siegler, I. C., & Poon, L. W. (2011) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2011.613874 · Cited by 69
Kira, I. A., Lewandowski, L., Chiodo, L. M., & Ibrahim, A. (2014) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2014.55050 · Cited by 77
The emotional foundations of high moral intelligence
Narvaez, D. F. (2010) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cd.276 · Cited by 84
Dissanayake, E. (2009) · Cognitive Semiotics · doi:10.1515/cogsem.2009.5.fall2009.136 · Cited by 71
Lonely Children and Adolescents
Margalit, M. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6284-3 · Cited by 124
Social Isolation and Loneliness
Gierveld, J. D. J., & van Tilburg, T. G. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397045-9.00118-x · Cited by 85
Social neuroscience and its potential contribution to psychiatry
Cacioppo, J. T., Cacioppo, S., Dulawa, S. C., & Palmer, A. A. (2014) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20118 · Cited by 76
Self-citationKemp, E., Kopp, S. W., & Kemp, E. C. (2013) · Journal of Business Logistics · doi:10.1111/jbl.12008 · Cited by 72
Approach and avoidance behavior in interpersonal relationships
Gable, S. L., & Gosnell, C. L. (2013) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073913477513 · Cited by 70
Inhaling and Exhaling: How Technologies Can Perceptually Extend our Breath Awareness
Prpa, M., Stepanova, E. R., Schiphorst, T., Riecke, B. E., & Pasquier, P. (2020) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376183 · Cited by 75
Ren, D., Stavrova, O., & Loh, W. W. (2021) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000373 · Cited by 72
Prospective associations between loneliness and emotional intelligence
Wols, A., Scholte, R. H. J., & Qualter, P. (2015) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.12.007 · Cited by 87
Mental Health in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Wirkner, J., Christiansen, H., Knaevelsrud, C., Lüken, U., Wurm, S., Schneider, S., & Brakemeier, E. (2021) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000465 · Cited by 73
Heriot-Maitland, C., Vidal, J., Ball, S., & Irons, C. (2014) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12040 · Cited by 68
Social Networking, Mobilities, and the Rise of Liquid Identities
Gössling, S., & Stavrinidi, I. (2015) · Mobilities · doi:10.1080/17450101.2015.1034453 · Cited by 68
Social isolation and loneliness in the elderly: an exploration of some of the issues
Dury, R. (2014) · British Journal of Community Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjcn.2014.19.3.125 · Cited by 77
Bryson, A., Gómez, R., & Willman, P. (2010) · Labor History · doi:10.1080/00236561003654719 · Cited by 68
Feeling left out, but affirmed: Protecting against the negative effects of low belonging in college
Layous, K., Davis, E. M., Garcia, J., Purdie-Vaughns, V. J., Cook, J., & Cohen, G. L. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2016.09.008 · Cited by 74
Lonely consumers and their friend the retail salesperson
Rippé, C. B., Smith, B., & Dubinsky, A. J. (2018) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.013 · Cited by 69
Liu, C., Chen, H., Liu, C.-Y., Lin, R., & Chiou, W. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.564430 · Cited by 71
Dreyer, B. C., Coulombe, S., Whitney, S., Riemer, M., & Labbé, D. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01583 · Cited by 82
Salas, C. E., Rojas‐Líbano, D., Castro, O., Cruces, R., Evans, J. J., Radovic, D., Arévalo-Romero, C. A., Torres, J., & Aliaga, Á. (2021) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2021.1939062 · Cited by 68
Andersen, L. M. B., Rasmussen, A. N., Reavley, N. J., Bøggild, H., & Overgaard, C. (2021) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100042 · Cited by 85
Owczarek, M., Nolan, E., Shevlin, M. E., Butter, S., Karatzias, T., McBride, O., Murphy, J., Vallières, F., Bentall, R. P., Martínez, A. P., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.12851 · Cited by 69
Do Attachment Styles Affect the Presence and Search for Meaning in Life?
Bodner, E., Bergman, Y. S., & Cohen-Fridel, S. (2013) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-013-9462-7 · Cited by 76
Conceptualising luxury brand attachment: scale development and validation
Shimul, A. S., Phau, I., & Lwin, M. (2019) · Journal of Brand Management · doi:10.1057/s41262-019-00158-6 · Cited by 66
Absence and Presence of Human Interaction: The Relationship Between Loneliness and Empathy
Hu, T., Zheng, X., & Huang, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00768 · Cited by 73
Loneliness is a feminist issue
Wilkinson, E. (2022) · Feminist Theory · doi:10.1177/14647001211062739 · Cited by 65
Stereotypes as Stumbling-Blocks
Silverman, A. M., & Cohen, G. L. (2014) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167214542800 · Cited by 66
Having Friends and Feeling Lonely
Arpin, S. N., Mohr, C. D., & Brannan, D. (2015) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167215569722 · Cited by 66
I'm lonely, can't you tell? Convergent validity of self- and informant ratings of loneliness
Luhmann, M., Bohn, J., Holtmann, J., Koch, T., & Eid, M. (2016) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2016.02.002 · Cited by 61
Loneliness predicts a preference for larger interpersonal distance within intimate space
Layden, E. A., Cacioppo, J. T., & Cacioppo, S. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203491 · Cited by 75
Self-citationGentina, É., Shrum, L. J., & Lowrey, T. M. (2016) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-016-3329-x · Cited by 71
Susanty, S., Nadirawati, N., Setiawan, A., Haroen, H., Pebrianti, S., Harun, H., Azissah, D., Suyanto, J., Sarasmita, M. A., Chipojola, R., et al. (2024) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2024.105627 · Cited by 70
What Is the Brain-Cancer Connection?
Cao, L., & During, M. J. (2012) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150546 · Cited by 63
Adair, K. C., Fredrickson, B. L., Castro‐Schilo, L., Kim, S., & Sidberry, S. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0811-1 · Cited by 77
Gilovich, T. D., & Kumar, A. (2014) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2014.10.002 · Cited by 65
Loneliness and Suicidal Ideation in Drug‐Using College Students
Lamis, D. A., Ballard, E. D., & Patel, A. B. (2014) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12095 · Cited by 66
Sutin, A. R., Luchetti, M., Aschwanden, D., Lee, J., Sesker, A. A., Stéphan, Y., & Terracciano, A. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.084 · Cited by 69
Lee, K., & Hyun, S. S. (2015) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2014.12.012 · Cited by 63
Loneliness accentuates age differences in cardiovascular responses to social evaluative threat.
Ong, A. D., Rothstein, J. D., & Uchino, B. N. (2011) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0025570 · Cited by 69
Fears of Compassion in a Depressed Population Implication for Psychotherapy
Gilbert, P. (2014) · Journal of Depression & Anxiety · doi:10.4172/2167-1044.s2-003 · Cited by 83
Krämer, N. C., Lucas, G., Schmitt, L., & Gratch, J. S. (2017) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2017.09.001 · Cited by 64
Children use similarity, propinquity, and loyalty to predict which people are friends
Liberman, Z., & Shaw, A. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2019.03.002 · Cited by 64
Vancampfort, D., Ashdown‐Franks, G., Smith, L., Firth, J., Damme, T. V., Christiaansen, L., Stubbs, B., & Koyanagi, A. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.076 · Cited by 67
Kearns, A., & Whitley, E. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7199-x · Cited by 73
Velotti, P., Rogier, G., Zobel, S. B., Castellano, R., & Tambelli, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.581494 · Cited by 67
Recognizing affection for a touch-based interaction with a humanoid robot
Cooney, M. D., Nishio, S., & Ishiguro, H. (2012) · IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) · doi:10.1109/iros.2012.6385956 · Cited by 59
Longman, J. M., Passey, M. E., Singer, J., & Morgan, G. G. (2013) · Australian Health Review · doi:10.1071/ah12152 · Cited by 65
The Smile-Seeking Hypothesis: How Immediate Affective Reactions Motivate and Reward Gift Giving
Yang, A. X., & Urminsky, O. (2018) · Psychology Science · doi:10.1177/0956797618761373 · Cited by 47
Gilbert, P. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118653920.ch2 · Cited by 59
Lee, Y., & Ko, Y.-G. (2018) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407517712902 · Cited by 70
The State of Knowledge of Outdoor Orientation Programs
Bell, B. J., Gass, M. A., Nafziger, C. S., & Starbuck, J. D. (2014) · Journal of Experiential Education · doi:10.1177/1053825913518891 · Cited by 58
Digitising the wisdom of our elders: connectedness through digital storytelling
Hausknecht, S. N., Vanchu-Orosco, M., & Kaufman, D. M. (2018) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x18000739 · Cited by 67
Breaking the vicious cycle: The interplay between loneliness, metabolic illness, and mental health
Ahmed, M., Cerda, I. H., & Maloof, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1134865 · Cited by 64
Does loneliness mediate the stress-sleep quality relation? The Hordaland Health Study
Aanes, M. M., Hetland, J., Pallesen, S., & Mittelmark, M. B. (2011) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610211000111 · Cited by 58
Affiliative and prosocial motives and emotions in mental health
Gilbert, P. (2015) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2015.17.4/pgilbert · Cited by 64
Juvonen, J., Lessard, L. M., Kline, N. G., & Graham, S. (2022) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-022-01573-w · Cited by 65
Byrne, C., Saville, C. W. N., Coetzer, R., & Ramsey, R. (2021) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acab046 · Cited by 61
Phone behaviour and its relationship to loneliness in older adults
Petersen, J. M., Thielke, S. M., Austin, D., & Kaye, J. A. (2015) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2015.1060947 · Cited by 57
Metadata
- Authors
- Cacioppo, J. T., & Patrick, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- ORCID
- John T. Cacioppo
- Venue
- Choice Reviews Online
- Publisher
- American Library Association
- Published
- 2008-11-01
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 03
- Pages
- 46-1765-46-1765
- ISSN
- 0009-4978 (ISSN-L)
- 1523-8253
- OpenAlex
- W1756842549
- Cited by
- 1,572
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2025: 43 · 2024: 138 · 2023: 118 · 2022: 147 · 2021: 143 · 2020: 181 · 2019: 94 · 2018: 118 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 90 · 2015: 102 · 2014: 94 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 68
- Type
- book review
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Choice Reviews Online (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- loneliness, social connectedness, social bonds, social rejection, isolation, immune system, cognitive function, self-control, obesity, smoking, human nature, social neuroscience
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review