Defining the Hyksos: A Reevaluation of the Title hk3 h3swt and Its Implications for Hyksos Identity
Abstract
This paper considers the significance of the title hk3 h3swt during the Second Intermediate Period through a theoretical framework of identity negotiation and transience in contexts of cultural contact. By studying extant examples of this title throughout pharaonic history in context, the unique nature of the title during the period of interest becomes apparent. The use of this title by the Hyksos reflects their self conception and helps to elucidate the process of identity negotiation within the borderland of the Eastern Delta. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/jarce.53.2017.a010
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
At Abydos, Iahmes II was worshipped until the destruction of his temple at the end of the Ramesside Period.
“At Abydos, he was worshipped until the destruction of his temple at the end of the Ramesside Period.36”
From The Kingship and the Moon from the Late 17th to Early 18th Dynasties (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Stantis, C., Kharobi, A., Maaranen, N., Nowell, G. M., Bietak, M., Prell, S., & Schutkowski, H. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235414 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Manning, S. W. (2024) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2024.44 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Maaranen, N., Zakrzewski, S., & Schutkowski, H. (2022) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/723141 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Kingship and the Moon from the Late 17th to Early 18th Dynasties
GARCÍA FERNÁNDEZ, G. (2024) · Orient · doi:10.5356/orient.59.13
Egypt and the Levant: Networks and Negotiations in the Bronze Age
Mourad, A.-L. (2026) · doi:10.1017/9781009419949
- Authors
- Candelora, D.
- Corresponding author
- Candelora, Danielle
- ORCID
- Candelora, Danielle
- Venue
- Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
- Publisher
- Lockwood Press
- Published
- 2017-12-20
- Volume
- 53
- Pages
- 203-221
- ISSN
- 0065-9991 (ISSN-L)
- 2330-1880
- OpenAlex
- W2783518753
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 25.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Classical Antiquity Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Ancient Near East History
- Keywords
- Hyksos, royal titles, Second Intermediate Period, identity negotiation, cultural contact, Eastern Delta, borderlands, self-conception, ancient Egyptian kingship
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
