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Unfavorable Effects of Passive Smoking on Aortic Function in Men
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aorta acts as both a conduit and an elastic buffering chamber that modulates left ventricular function and coronary blood flow. Previous studies have shown that active smoking has unfavorable effects on aortic elasticity. OBJECTIVE: To study the association between passive smoking and the elastic properties of the human aorta. DESIGN: Comparison of nonsmokers during passive smoking studies and smokers during active smoking or sham smoking studies. SETTING: Academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: 16 male nonsmokers were assigned to passive smoking studies, and 32 current, long-term, male smokers were randomly assigned to either active smoking (16 patients) or sham smoking (16 patients) studies. INTERVENTION: All participants underwent diagnostic catheterization. In the passive smoking group, environmental tobacco smoke was vented into an exposure chamber for 5 minutes (mean carbon monoxide level, 30 parts per million). Each participant in the active smoking group smoked one filtered cigarette (1.0 mg of nicotine) under standardized conditions within 5 minutes; each participant in the sham smoking group performed a similar pattern of inhalation with one unlit cigarette. MEASUREMENTS: Aortic elastic properties were studied by measuring the aortic pressure-diameter relation before and for 20 minutes after passive, active, or sham smoking. Instantaneous diameter of the thoracic aorta was measured with a high-fidelity ultrasonic dimension catheter. Instantaneous aortic pressure and diameter were measured at the same site. RESULTS: Both passive and active smoking were associated with changes in the aortic pressure-diameter relation (change in mean distensibility in the passive smoking group, from 2.02 to 1.59 x 10(-6) cm2 x dyne(-1) [for comparisons of time course between passive and sham smoking groups, P < 0.001]; change in mean distensibility in the active smoking group, from 2.08 to 1.51 x 10(-6) cm2 x dyne(-1) [for comparisons of time course between active and sham smoking groups, P < 0.001]). These changes represent decreases of 21% and 27%, respectively. No changes in aortic elasticity were seen in the sham smoking group. CONCLUSIONS: Both passive and active smoking are associated with an acute deterioration in the elastic properties of the aorta. This association between exposure to tobacco smoke and aortic elasticity indicates that aortic function deteriorates during passive or active smoking.
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“However, using appropriate high-fidelity methodology we have shown previously that smoking has a direct, pressure-independent effect on the aortic wall (13,14).”
From Smoking and caffeine have a synergistic detrimental effect on aortic stiffness and wave reflections (2004) · cites this paper as [14]
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“E from several clinical, laboratory, and epidemiologic studies conducted over the past decade has clearly shown that regular exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is associated with early arterial injury (1, 2) and increases the risk for coronary disease in nonsmokers (3).”
BackgroundSmoking and caffeine have a synergistic detrimental effect on aortic stiffness and wave reflections
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“Along the same lines, human in vivo experiments have shown that SHS exposure may turn the acetylcholine-induced coronary artery relaxation into a vasoconstriction (108) and reduce the distensibility of the aorta (105).”
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“Clinical studies in patients showed that passive and active smoking is associated with an acute deterioration in the elastic properties of the aorta.(29) Furthermore, other investigations demonstrated increased aortic stiffness in female but not in male smokers.”
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“Asignificant part of the unfavourable effect of smoking on aortic stiffness is pressure-independent as we have shown using high-fidelity invasive methods describing the behaviour of the pressure–diameter loop [26].”
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Oscillatory fluid-induced mechanobiology in heart valves with parallels to the vasculature
Hsu, C.-P. D., Hutcheson, J. D., & Ramaswamy, S. D. (2020) · Vascular Biology · doi:10.1530/vb-19-0031 · Cited by 14
GOING TOO FAR? EXPLORING THE LIMITS OF SMOKING REGULATIONS
Chapman, S. (2008) · Mitchell Hamline Open Access (Hamline University) · Cited by 13
Gać, P., Poręba, M., Mazur, G. J., & Poręba, R. (2015) · Inhalation Toxicology · doi:10.3109/08958378.2015.1103337 · Cited by 13
“In the studies by Argacha et al. (2008), Mahmud & Feely (2004) and Stefanadis et al. (1998), authors investigated the issue of influence of the acute environmental exposure to cigaret smoke on the mechanical properties of the arteries.”
BackgroundNoninvasive Ultrasound Techniques for the Assessment of Atherosclerosis in Coronary Artery Disease
Neunteufl, T., & Maurer, G. (2003) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.67.177 · Cited by 13
Environmental tobacco smoke and ischaemic heart disease: a case study in applying causal criteria
Mengersen, K. L., Merrilees, M. J., & Tweedie, R. L. (1999) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/pl00014202 · Cited by 13
Assessment of large artery function
Cameron, J. D., Gatzka, C. D., & Kingwell, B. A. (2002) · Coronary Artery Disease · doi:10.1097/00019501-200212000-00004 · Cited by 13
Arterial ageing: Major nutritional and life-style effects
Papaioannou, T. G., Karatzi, K., Ψαλτοπούλου, Θ., & Tousoulis, D. M. (2016) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.004 · Cited by 11
“…beyond those discussed in this review article, are smoking (Doonan et al., 2010; Karatzi et al., 2007; Lekakis et al., 1998; Papamichael et al., 2004) - including passive smoking (Gac et al., 2015; Stefanadis et al., 1998) - and mental stress (Poitras and Pyke, 2013; Vlachopoulos et al., 2009).”
BackgroundEndothelial Dysfunction in Passive Smokers
Leone, A. (2014) · Journal of Cardiology & Current Research · doi:10.15406/jccr.2014.01.00039 · Cited by 8
“Evidence indicates that chronic exposure to passive smoking causes an increase in arterial stiffness as an effect of repeated and prolonged endothelial dysfunction [43-44] as experimentally documented in the aorta of men.”
BackgroundRivas-Vilchis, J. F., Escorcia-Gaona, R., Cervantes-Reyes, J. A., & Román‐Ramos, R. (2008) · Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies · doi:10.1016/s2005-2901(09)60009-1 · Cited by 8
Vlachopoulos, C. V., Alexopoulos, N. A., Tsiamis, E. G., & Stefanadis, C. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Secondhand Smoke and CasinosPreprint
Berman, M. L., & Post, C. (2007) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1004305 · Cited by 8
Gentner, N. J., & Weber, L. P. (2010) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/y10-066 · Cited by 7
“Arterial stiffness is also acutely influenced by transmural distending pressure, but these changes are passive (Nye 1964; Stefanadis et al. 1998).”
BackgroundInfluentialDrawing and ultimate tensile properties of modified polyamide 6 fibers
Wei, W., Wang, X., Liu, Z., Wu, D., Qiu, L., Tsai, F., Lai, Y., Zhu, P., & Yeh, J. (2011) · Polymer Engineering and Science · doi:10.1002/pen.21890 · Cited by 6
Arterial Mechanics in Ischemic versus Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy: Clinical and Diagnostic Impact
Badran, H. M., Mostafa, A., Serage, A., Fareed, W., Abdelfatah, E., & Fathe, A. (2009) · Echocardiography · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8175.2008.00888.x · Cited by 6
Gać, P., Poręba, M., Pawlas, K., Sobieszczańska, M. I., & Poręba, R. (2017) · Inhalation Toxicology · doi:10.1080/08958378.2017.1409847 · Cited by 6
“The researchers demonstrated decrease in the elasticity of the thoracic aorta walls after a 5-min exposure to the ETS in a chamber with carbon oxide concentration of 30 ppm compared with persons non-exposed to the ETS (Stefanadis et al., 1998).”
Backgroundda Pureza, D. Y., Sargentini, L., Laterza, R., Flores, L. J. F., Irigoyen, M. C., & Angelis, K. D. (2007) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/s1517-86922007000500003 · Cited by 6
“Assim, o suprimento de oxigênio pode ser reduzido em função da vasoconstrição das coronárias(30) e pelas mudanças nas propriedades elásticas da aorta(31), alterações que afetam adversamente a performance miocárdica(32).”
Relation of secondhand smoke exposure to vascular phenotypes in children and adolescents
Harbin, M. M., Kelly, A. S., Dengel, D. R., Rudser, K. D., Evanoff, N. G., & Ryder, J. R. (2019) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-019-0627-x · Cited by 4
Tobacco use and the cardiovascular disease epidemic in developing countries: prevention opportunity
Wambua, M. C., & Jamal, I. (1970) · Dar Es Salaam Medical Students Journal · doi:10.4314/dmsj.v19i1.4 · Cited by 4
“It may act as a cardiovascular trigger (9) as supported by several studies linking exposure to passive smoking to various acute cardiovascular effects, including pla telet activation (11), impaired endothelial function (14), arterial stiffness (15), reduced hea rt r te variability (16), and increased levels of venous…”
BackgroundZeinivand, M., Rahman, M. R., Allatavakoli, M., Shamsizadeh, A., Hassanshahi, G., Rezazadeh, H., & Pourshanazari, A. A. (2013) · Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences · doi:10.17305/bjbms.2013.2345 · Cited by 4
Wang, J., & Hu, D. (2015) · Journal of the American Society of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.jash.2015.09.003 · Cited by 4
“Another human experimental study showed that aortic stiffness, measured with the aortic pressure–diameter loop, increased within 4 minutes of passive smoking, similar to the effects observed in active smokers.(28) In the long run, it has been suggested that the decreasing of nitric oxide bioactivity in the arterial wa…”
ResultShould Smoke Exposure Be Considered an Etiologic Factor for Cardiovascular Disease?
Leone, A. (2016) · Future Science OA · doi:10.4155/fsoa.2015.0018 · Cited by 4
Passive smoking's role in diabetes
Panagiotakos, D. B., & Pitsavos, C. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7549.1044 · Cited by 4
Exposure to second-hand smoke and cardiovascular health: time to act.
Stefanadis, C. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 4
Animal models and methods to study arterial stiffness
Spronck, B., & Humphrey, J. D. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91391-1.00009-1 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Stefanadis, C., Vlachopoulos, C., Tsiamis, E., Diamantopoulos, L., Toutouzas, K., Giatrakos, N., Vaina, S., Tsekoura, D., & Toutouzas, P.
- Affiliations
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Stefanadis, Christodoulos
- Venue
- Annals of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American College of Physicians
- Published
- 1998-03-15
- Volume
- 128
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 426-434
- ISSN
- 0003-4819 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-3704
- OpenAlex
- W1984949316
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Elasticity and Material Modeling
- Keywords
- passive smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, aortic elasticity, aortic distensibility, aortic function, active smoking, thoracic aorta
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aorta, Blood Pressure, Coronary Vessels, Elasticity, Heart, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardium, Oxygen Consumption, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Ultrasonography, Ventricular Function, Left
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