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The STARD Statement for Reporting Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy: Explanation and Elaboration

Bossuyt, Patrick M., Reitsma, Johannes B., Bruns, David E., Gatsonis, Constantine A., Glasziou, Paul P., Irwig, Les M., Moher, David, Rennie, Drummond, de Vet, Henrica C.W., Lijmer, Jeroen G.·2003·Annals of Internal Medicine

DOI 10.7326/0003-4819-138-1-200301070-00012-w1

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Abstract

The quality of reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy is less than optimal. Complete and accurate reporting is necessary to enable readers to assess the potential for bias in the study and to evaluate the generalizability of the results. A group of scientists and editors has developed the STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy) statement to improve the reporting the quality of reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy. The statement consists of a checklist of 25 items and flow diagram that authors can use to ensure that all relevant information is present. This explanatory document aims to facilitate the use, understanding, and dissemination of the checklist. The document contains a clarification of the meaning, rationale, and optimal use of each item on the checklist, as well as a short summary of the available evidence on bias and applicability. The STARD statement, checklist, flowchart, and this explanation and elaboration document should be useful resources to improve reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies. Complete and informative reporting can only lead to better decisions in health care.

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Authors: Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., Moher, D., Rennie, D., de Vet, H. C. W., & Lijmer, J. G.
Affiliations: Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
University of Virginia (US)
Brown University (US)
The University of Queensland (AU)
The University of Sydney (AU)
From Academic Medical Center and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Clinical Chemistry, Charlottesville, Virginia; Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; University of Queensland Medical School, Herston, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Thomas C. Chalmers Center for Systematic Reviews, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Journal of the American Medical Association, Chicago, Illinois.
American Medical Association (US)
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
Corresponding author: Bossuyt, Patrick M.
ORCID: Bossuyt, Patrick M.
Reitsma, Johannes B.
Gatsonis, Constantine A.
Glasziou, Paul P.
Moher, David
de Vet, Henrica C.W.
Lijmer, Jeroen G.
Venue: Annals of Internal Medicine
Publisher: American College of Physicians
Published: 2003-01-07
Volume: 138
Issue: 1
Pages: W1-12
ISSN: 0009-9147 (ISSN-L)
0003-4819
1539-3704
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-138-1-200301070-00012-w1
OpenAlex: W1498589284
Cited by: 1,124
References: 92
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 97 · 2014: 86 · 2013: 74 · 2012: 89
FWCI: 69.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.acpjournals.org/journal/aim/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Chemistry (publishedVersion)
Annals of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
Keywords: diagnostic accuracy studies, reporting quality, reporting checklist, flowcharts, generalizability, applicability
MeSH terms: Algorithms, Clinical Trials as Topic, Publishing, Reference Standards, Research Design, Sensitivity and Specificity, Statistics as Topic, Reproducibility of Results, Bias, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures

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