Cited by 193Meta-analysis and systematic reviewsStatistical Methods in Clinical TrialsAcademic Publishing and Open Access

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The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel group randomized trials

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Moher, David, Schulz, Kenneth F., Altman, Douglas G.·2001·Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association

DOI 10.7547/87507315-91-8-437

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Abstract

To comprehend the results of a randomized, controlled trial (RCT), readers must understand its design, conduct, analysis, and interpretation. That goal can be achieved only through complete transparency from authors. Despite several decades of educational efforts, the reporting of RCTs needs improvement. Investigators and editors developed the original CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement to help authors improve reporting by using a checklist and flow diagram. The revised CONSORT statement presented in this paper incorporates new evidence and addresses some criticisms of the original statement. The checklist items pertain to the content of the Title, Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. The revised checklist includes 22 items selected because empirical evidence indicates that not reporting the information is associated with biased estimates of treatment effect or because the information is essential to judge the reliability or relevance of the findings. We intended the flow diagram to depict the passage of participants through an RCT. The revised flow diagram depicts information from four stages of trial (enrollment, intervention allocation, follow-up, and analysis). The diagram explicitly includes the number of participants, for each intervention group, that are included in the primary data analysis. Inclusion of these numbers allows the reader to judge whether the authors have performed an intention-to-treat analysis. In sum, the CONSORT statement is intended to improve the reporting of an RCT, enabling readers to understand a trial's conduct and to assess the validity of its results.

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Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology<SUBTITLE>A Proposal for Reporting</SUBTITLE>
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Research works printed but not linked: 4

Egger, Ju ni The value of patient flow charts in reports of randomized controlled trials : bibliographic study The CONSORT Group In press, JAMA
Moher, Use of the CONSORT statement and quality of reports of randomized trials : a comparative before and after evaluation ? The CONSORT Group In press, JAMA
Moher, Use of the CONSORT statement and quality of reports of randomized trials : a comparative before and after evaluation ? The CONSORT Group In press, JAMA
Egger, Ju ni The value of patient flow charts in reports of randomized controlled trials : bibliographic study The CONSORT Group In press, JAMA

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Authors: Moher, D., Schulz, K. F., & Altman, D. G.
Affiliations: University of Ottawa (CA)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
University of Oxford (GB)
ORCID: Moher, David
Schulz, Kenneth F.
Altman, Douglas G.
Venue: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2001-09
Volume: 91
Issue: 8
Pages: 437-442
ISSN: 1930-8264 (ISSN-L)
8750-7315
DOI: 10.7547/87507315-91-8-437
OpenAlex: W2082317966
Cited by: 193
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 3.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Abbott Laboratories
U.S. National Library of Medicine
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Academic Publishing and Open Access
Keywords: CONSORT statement, reporting quality, reporting checklist, flowcharts, intention-to-treat analysis, bias in treatment effect estimation, clinical trial transparency
MeSH terms: Humans, Publishing, Quality Control, Research Design, Reproducibility of Results, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

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