Factors Influencing Decision to Shift from Non-stem to Stem-related College Programs among Students in a Catholic University
Open accessAbstract
In the Philippines, the additional two years in Senior High School allow the student to select a specialization depending on ability, interests, and academic capabilities that prepare them for their chosen course in college. However, statistics show that more students shift from their chosen strand in Senior High School when they pursue their undergraduate education. Quantitative research design utilizing the descriptive and comparative approaches determined the degree of influence of factors on non-STEM students shifting to STEM-related courses and identified if there exists a difference when grouped according to demographics. Using snowball sampling, 214 college students from STEM-related college programs who are shiftees from the non-STEM strand in Senior High School were selected as participants. Utilizing mean and standard deviation, results showed that work opportunities is the most dominant influencing factor in the shift of non-STEM students to STEM-related college programs. Further, utilizing the Mann-Whitney U test, the result showed a significant difference in the degree of influence of factors to shifting career choice in terms of school factor when grouped according to sex. Using the Kruskal-Wallis H Test, the result showed no significant difference in the degree of influence of factors to shifting career choice when grouped according to strand in Senior High School. A career awareness seminar in collaboration with the guidance was developed based on the findings of the study.
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- Findingown data
There was a significant difference in the degree of influence of school factors on non-STEM students shifting to STEM-related programs when grouped according to sex (p=0.008).
“Using the Mann-Whitney U Test, it was found that there was a significant difference in the degree of influence of school factors on non-STEM students shifting to STEM-related programs in the college years when they are grouped according to sex, with a p-value of 0.008*.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Personal and socioeconomic status had the lowest degree of influence, interpreted as moderate, on non-STEM students' shift to STEM-related college programs (M=3.03, SD=0.93).
“In contrast, personal and socioeconomic status (M=3.03,SD=0.93) obtained the lowest degree of influence, interpreted as moderate.”
- Also stated in: § 3.1 Degree of Influence of Factors on Non-STEM Students Shifting to STEM-Related Programs in College · plain
“Personal and Socioeconomic Status 214 3.03 0.93 Moderate”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § 3.1 Degree of Influence of Factors on Non-STEM Students Shifting to STEM-Related Programs in College · plain
- Findingown data
There was no significant difference in the degree of influence of factors on non-STEM students shifting to STEM-related programs when grouped according to senior high school strand.
“Utilizing the Kruskal Wallis H Test, it was found that there was no significant difference in the degree of influence of factors of non-STEM students shifting to STEM-related programs in the college years when they are grouped according to strand.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Financial assistance and scholarship had a high degree of influence on non-STEM students' shift to STEM-related college programs (M=3.83, SD=0.81).
“Financial Assistance and Scholarship 214 3.83 0.81 High”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The overall degree of influence of factors on non-STEM students shifting to STEM-related programs was high (M=3.52, SD=0.80).
“As a Whole 214 3.52 0.80 High”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- Findingown data
School influence had a moderate degree of influence on non-STEM students' shift to STEM-related college programs (M=3.30, SD=0.72).
“School Influence 214 3.30 0.72 Moderate”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Work opportunities was the most dominant factor influencing non-STEM students' shift to STEM-related college programs, with a high degree of influence (M=3.90, SD=0.73).
“The results of the study showed that work opportunities (M=3.90,SD=0.73) is the most dominant factor influencing students' career shift, obtaining a high degree of influence.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Male respondents had a higher degree of influence of school factors than female respondents.
“Specifically, male respondents obtained a higher degree of influence of school factors than female respondents.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
Non-STEM students who shift to STEM-related courses have seen a higher possibility of getting hired after graduation if they take STEM-related courses.
“They have seen a higher possibility of getting hired after graduation if they take STEM-related courses.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
Regardless of senior high school strand, non-STEM students experience the same degree of influence of factors that drive them to switch to STEM-related college programs.
“This indicates that regardless of the participants' senior high school strand, they experience the same degree of influence of factors that drive them to switch to STEM-related college programs.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
Work opportunities being the dominating factor influencing career shift provides a vivid image of why students do not pursue a course aligned with their chosen strand in senior high school.
“Having identified that work opportunities is the dominating factor influencing the career shift among college students, this study provides a vivid image of why students do not pursue a course aligned with their chosen strand in senior high school.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: More students shift from their chosen strand in Senior High School when they pursue their undergraduate education.
- Interpretationreasoning
Students who shift to STEM-related programs likely aim to have a job or work opportunity once they graduate.
“It is likely that students who shift aim to have a job or work opportunity once they graduate.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: More students shift from their chosen strand in Senior High School when they pursue their undergraduate education.
- Interpretationown data
Non-STEM students' chosen specialization in senior high school does not matter in their decision to shift to STEM-related college programs.
“Additionally, their chosen specialization in their senior high school does not matter in their decision to shift to STEM-related programs.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
Most non-STEM students shifting to STEM-related courses consider job security and opportunities as important in their decisions.
“This means that most non-STEM students shifting careers to STEMrelated courses consider job security and opportunities as important in their decisions.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Study design and conductown data
The modified research questionnaire was reliable, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.773 interpreted as acceptable.
“The instrument obtained a score of 0.773, interpreted as acceptable.”
- Also stated in: § 2.3 Research Instrument · plain
“Thus, the research instrument was considered reliable.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Also stated in: § 2.3 Research Instrument · plain
- Interpretationown data
Male non-STEM students' decision to enroll in STEM-related college programs is more influenced by the school's accessibility, desirableness, and reputation than female students' decision.
“This means that male non-STEM students' decision to enroll in STEM-related college programs is more influenced by the school's accessibility, desirableness, and reputation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The university holds a reputable name for its STEM-related programs.
- May combine two claims. 6
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 9
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationSTEM employment vacancies surged about 24.4% over the past ten years, while non-STEM job openings increased by only 4%.
“STEM employment vacancies have surged about 24.4% over the past ten years, yet non-STEM job openings have only increased by 4% [26].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [26] 26. Noonan R. Stem jobs: 2017 update. ESA issue brief #02-17. US Department of Commerce; 2017 March 30. Retrieved: March 30, 2023, from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED594354
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
Study design and conductown dataThe modified research questionnaire was valid, with a validity score of 4.79 interpreted as excellent.
“The instrument obtained a score of 4.79, interpreted as excellent.”
- Also stated in: § 2.3 Research Instrument · plain
“Thus, the research instrument was considered valid.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Also stated in: § 2.3 Research Instrument · plain
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationYoung men and women have different styles when choosing a career; men have a more liberal and progressive style of thinking, while women prefer a hierarchical style of thinking.
“Men have a more liberal and progressive style of thinking.Women prefer a hierarchical style of thinking [32].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [32]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).
InterpretationreasoningStudents' shift in career is reflective of how they perceive themselves in the future.
“Their shift in their career is reflective of how they perceive themselves in the future.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: More students shift from their chosen strand in Senior High School when they pursue their undergraduate education.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductreasoningThe research instrument was pilot-tested to thirty respondents from the College of Engineering, College of Allied Medical Health Sciences, and College of Accountancy, Business, and Computer Studies.
“Moreover, to ensure the reliability of the modified research questionnaire, it was pilot-tested to thirty (30) respondents from the College of Engineering, College of Allied Medical Health Sciences, and College of Accountancy, Business, and Computer Studies.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationThe need for qualified workers is still increasing.
“As stated in the study by O'Rourke [25], the need for qualified workers is still increasing.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [25] 25. O'Rourke B. Increasing access and opportunity in stem crucial, say experts. Harvard Gazette; 2021, November 19. Retrieved March 30, 2023, from:https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/stor y/2021/11/increasing-access-and- opportunity-in-stem-crucial-s ay-experts/
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationSex distinguishes female students to be inclined to artistic-related careers, while male students select scientific-related careers.
“Sex distinguishes female students to be inclined to artistic-related careers, while male students select scientific-related careers [29]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [29] 29. Sara SS. Effects of learning styles on career preferences of senior secondary school students in jigawa state Nigeria. Edo Journal of Counselling. 2010;3(1): 132-143.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationAll Grade 12 senior high school graduates are eligible to enter college irrespective of the strand or track they have taken in senior high school.
“However, the Commission on Higher Education (2017) in the Philippines released a memorandum order indicating that all Grade 12 senior high school graduates are eligible to enter college irrespective of the strand or track they have taken in senior high school.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Commission on Higher Education (2017)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationWhen students choose a major or a career path, they seek higher-salary jobs or look for majors that involve the most job security.
“In addition, when students choose a major or a career path, they seek higher-salary jobs or look for majors that involve the most job security [27].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [27] 27. Wildman ML. Torres RM. Factors influencing the choice of major in agriculture. NACTA Journal. 2002;46(3):4.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe financial aspects that students consider include high earning potential, benefits, and opportunities for advancement.
“The financial aspects that students consider include high earning potential, benefits, and opportunities for advancement [28].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [28] 28. Beggs J, JH. Bantham S. Taylor. Distinguishing the factors influencing college student's choice of major. College Student Jour. 2008;42(2):381.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).
InterpretationreasoningIn cases of shifting programs, it defeats the very purpose of having two additional years of training in senior high school before going to college.
“In cases of shifting programs, it defeats the very purpose of having two additional years of training in senior high school before going to college.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: More students shift from their chosen strand in Senior High School when they pursue their undergraduate education.
The paper relies on this without support.
Very limited studies have been conducted on the degree of influence of factors on non-STEM students shifting to STEM-related courses in college.
“However, very limited studies were conducted on the degree of influence of factors on non-STEM students shifting to STEM-related courses in college.”
The paper relies on this without support.
An abundant number of cases caught the attention of the institution when college students who graduated from non-STEM strands started choosing a STEM field as their major when they enrolled in college.
“An abundant number of cases caught the attention of the institution when college students who graduated from the non-STEM strands started choosing a STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) field as their major when they enrolled in college.”
The paper relies on this without support.
More students shift from their chosen strand in Senior High School when they pursue their undergraduate education.
“However, statistics show that more students shift from their chosen strand in Senior High School when they pursue their undergraduate education.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The university holds a reputable name for its STEM-related programs.
“The university holds a reputable name for its STEM-related programs.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Respondent count differs between the methods and results
MinorThe methods state that 241 students participated, but Table 1 reports a grand total of 214 respondents.
“this study was participated by two hundred forty-one (241) 1st to 4th-year college students”
“Grand Total 214 100”
Electrical Engineering percentage is incorrect
MinorThe 11 Electrical Engineering respondents are 5.14% of the reported total of 214, not 4.14%.
Reported 4.14 · recomputed 5.140187
“Electrical Engineering 11 4.14 Sub Total 98 45.80 Grand Total 214 100”
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College Attendance and Choice of College Majors Among Asian‐American Students <sup>*</sup>
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Specialty Preference Among Medical Students and Factors Affecting It
(2011) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
To be a STEM or not to be a STEM: Why do countries differ?
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Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 22 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 5
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Course Program Migration and External Transfer Analysis in Davao Oriental State University
Ramos, S. D. L., Dalagan, S. E., Jr., & Lugo, M. G. R. (2025) · East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research · doi:10.55927/eajmr.v4i4.117
- Authors
- Gaviola, A. L. C., Abaño, M. E. J. C., Buenafe, N. P. C., Lachica, J. M. R., Pepito, F. J. H., Jr, R. J. A., Doloso, R. C., & Petalla, M. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Negros Occidental – Recoletos (PH)
- ORCID
- Petalla, Marisa B.
- Venue
- Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies
- Publisher
- Sciencedomain International
- Published
- 2023-10-16
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 68-76
- ISSN
- 2581-6268 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4387670155
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 0.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- dx.doi.org
- Locations
- Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies (publishedVersion)
- Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Career Development and Diversity
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education and Employability
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
- Keywords
- career choice, STEM education, non-STEM students, career change, employment opportunities, career awareness, career guidance, Catholic university students, gender differences, Philippines
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