Cited by 345Gut microbiota and healthTryptophan and brain disordersProbiotics and Fermented Foods

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The Gut-Brain Axis: The Missing Link in Depression

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Evrensel, Alper, Ceylan, Mehmet Emin·2015·Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience

DOI 10.9758/cpn.2015.13.3.239

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Abstract

The gut microbiota is essential to human health and the immune system and plays a major role in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. Based on evidence, the gut microbiota is associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, autistic disorders, anxiety disorders and major depressive disorders. In the past few years, neuroscientific research has shown the importance of the microbiota in the development of brain systems. Recent studies showed that the microbiota could activate the immune and central nervous systems, including commensal and pathogenic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. Gut microorganisms are capable of producing and delivering neuroactive substances such as serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid, which act on the gut-brain axis. Preclinical research in rodents suggested that certain probiotics have antidepressant and anxiolytic activities. Effects may be mediated via the immune system or neuroendocrine systems. Herein, we present the latest literature examining the effects of the gut microbiota on depression.

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Authors: Evrensel, A., & Ceylan, M. E.
Affiliations: Üsküdar University (TR)
Corresponding author: Evrensel, Alper
ORCID: Evrensel, Alper
Ceylan, Mehmet Emin
Venue: Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
Publisher: Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology
Published: 2015-12-31
Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Pages: 239-244
ISSN: 1738-1088 (ISSN-L)
2093-4327
DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2015.13.3.239
OpenAlex: W2221413160
Cited by: 338
References: 75
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 13
FWCI: 10.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: diamond
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0 (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Keywords: gut-brain axis, gut microbiota, depression, probiotics, serotonin, GABA, neuroactive metabolites, immune system, neuroendocrine system, neuropsychiatric disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder

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The Gut-Brain Axis: The Missing Link in Depression

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